半自动穴盘育苗精量播种机的优化设计【三维SW】[含CAD图纸和文档资料]

播种状态

摘要
本课题是设计半自动穴盘育苗精量播种机的结构与工艺。今朝,我国育苗下种主要以人工点播或者撒播为主,其效率低,重播、漏播率高,下种出苗不均,且需增长分苗工序,劳动强度大,远远不能满足现代化举措措施农业生产的需要。是以,火紧急需要要研究制造开发适应不同种类、外形、巨细的育苗精量下种机,处理完成工厂养育苗中精量下种的要害技能设备。外洋育苗下种机的研究与开倡议步较早,技能含量高,群体组成一套性好,但价格昂贵,合用于大型工厂养育苗企业。国产育苗下种机多为科学研究院所研究制造,现实投入生产较少,仅占育苗设备市场份额的10 %。
常见下种机按原理分为机械式和气吸式二类,机械式又有槽轮式、型孔轮式、气吸式等。其中槽轮式、型孔轮式穴盘下种机因其排种不匀称,容易损伤胚珠或者种芽,不适于广泛推广;气吸式穴盘下种机具有排种精度高、不伤种芽等长处,但其打造成本高、操作调整未便,生产效率有待进一步提高。
这篇文章预设了一种结构简单、操作方便,生产效率高、下种精度好的气吸式半自动穴盘精量下种机,经生产考核,基本能满足温室大棚穴盘育苗高效生产的要求。
功能分析：实现穴盘精量播种机→取种，投种。取种：机械式、气吸式、磁吸、 →气吸(不伤种)投种：自重、气力投种、 →气力投种（清种）气吸：吸板（高效）、滚筒（复杂）、针式（精准）、 →吸板+针式=嘴式吸盘（高效，精准）种与吸嘴接触：传统频率激震（震落种子）→震动→弹簧→力=弹簧+牵引力=抛振装置（简单稳定）气力投种：气→正压→气路切换→换向阀→控制→行程开关→撞→位移→水平位移→四连杆机构、抽拉式、→直滑轨（快捷）
关键词：嘴式吸盘，抛震装置，直滑轨

City manhole sludge extracting device design

Abstract
Factory nursery seedling,which has been developed internationally in recent years-IS an eect technologY to increase agricultural production．Compared to the conventional autumn seedling productlon technology,factory nursery seedling has many advantages．The seedling groh environment can be effectively controlled because the seedlings are isolated from natural environment by greenhouse·I he seedIings can resist the cold temperature in the spring and the seedling recovering time IS greatly shonened after transplanting．The technique will be used more widely in China because of these obvious advantages·
It is weII known that the nursery seedlings metering devices is the important tools for developing this technique．Therefore，the development of the nursery seedlings metering devices is essential for eXtending the factory nursery seedling technical in different regions of China．
The research of the precision seedling metering device focus on the vegetables and flowers in the foreign country and the research focus On the rice in China．Funded by the national key science alld technique project”The design and research on the key equipment for the adaptive agriculture”sub-toplc ot ”The research on the metering device and transplanting equipment”in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，we design and manufacture the novel sucker throw。vibrating prectston seedling
metering devices for cotton seedlings based on the preliminary studies ofthe nursery sowing seed metering devices internationally．Furthermore，we do a series experiments on its theoretical analysis，computer simulation and numerical simulation study．
The papers commence from the whole machine Structure design of tray seeder,puts forward a new ideas of Seeds in boiling under the vibration force，designed a new ype of ejection device of the gram box, theoretical analysis of adsorption mechanism of the cotton and working mechanism of the ejection deVlce and established a mathematical model of the corresponding，determine the ects of adsorbability of the
relationship between the main factors．The structure of the nozzle and sucker is optimized by the somVare of CFD．improve the adsorption properties and accuracy of the nozzle．
Numerical simulation IS used to orthogonal test of the adsorption properties of the nozzle，identify the impact On the adsorption properties of the relationship between primary and secondary factors，found an optimal level of each factor and the
optimal scheme—The main results of research for new precision air-suction seeder ofdesign，provided new ideas，methods and theoretical reference．
The results showed that the device had these characteristics，simple structure，convenient operation， low consumption，good performance in sowing．This device could be applied to different sowing seeds through the replacement of suction nozzle．
Key word：Throw—vibrating；Precision Seeder；Industrialized Breeding；numerical simulation test.
目录
摘要i
Abstract iii
第一章引言6
第二章抛振机构工作原理7
2．1设计目标8
2.2总体机构设计9
2.2.1结构组成10
2.2.2工作过程11
2.3主要部件结构参数设置10
2.3.1气室(吸种盘腔体)形状尺寸的确定10
2.3.2吸孔参数的确定11
2.3.3气源的确定11
2.3.4种盘的确定11
第三章理论计算14
3.1气吸播种的理论分析15
3.1.1种子吸附运动的流体力学的原理分析16
3.1.2种子动力源特性分析17
3.1.3抛振机构运动规律分析17
第四章结论与展望20
4.1研究结论21
4、2后续工作及展望22
致谢24
参考文献25

第一章引言
目前，我国实现工厂化育苗播种主要有两种基本途径： 1）通过购买国外整套自动化流水线或者单一播种设备； 2）依靠人工点播或撒播。
国外整套设备虽自动化程度高，但其结构复杂、不易操作且价格昂贵，即便是单一播种装置价格也在5万元左右，显然不符合我国实际农业经济水平。人工手撒籽播种存在效率低，重播、漏播率高、劳动强度大且播种后出苗不均,影响秧苗质量等缺点，远远不能满足现代化设施农业的需要。国产育苗播种机多为科研院所研制，实际投入生产的很少，不足育苗设备市场份额的10%
种苗是园林花卉、绿化苗木生产的物质基矗近几年，随着农村产业结构及种植业结构的调整，园艺绿化植物的种植面积逐年扩大，我国各地的工厂化育苗技术在园林花卉，绿化苗木、蔬菜等育苗上迅速发展起来。工厂化育苗的重要性已日渐凸显

截图4

吸种状态

吸种状态1

总装配

01机体

02育苗学盘

03 针式吸嘴

06滑动滚轮轴

播种状态

截图6

吸仔状态