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数控铣床二维精密工作台设计含13张CAD图+说明书

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A0总装图

摘要
数控铣床是重要的机械加工装备，在制造业中占有重要的地位，对国民经济的发展起着重要作用。其中，二维精密工作台是数控铣床的关键部件，二维精密工作台对数控铣床的加工精度和产品质量有着重要的影响，进行数控铣床二维精密工作台设计具有重要的经济价值与社会意义。
本设计的主要任务是研究数控铣床二维精密工作台主要结构，主要包括工作台的结构设计以及电机驱动电路的设计。
工作台结构设计的原则是参考现有的数控铣床工作台的结构，在实现工作台的强度、刚度、尺寸等实用要求的同时尽量实现结构简化及优化。设计的步骤是首先确定总体尺寸，主要参考沉阳机床厂卓越型数控铣床的总体尺寸。并采用solidworks软件进行计算机辅助设计，利用模型进行模拟装配和干涉检查。其次，在具体结构设计上尽量选着供应商的标准件，减少对机加工的要求。最后，对结构设计中主要部件例如丝杠进行校核以及精度验算。
驱动电路设计部分，首先确定使用直流伺服电机，并根据电机的型号参数设计驱动电路。驱动电路采用MOS管组成的H桥进行功率驱动，采用PWM调速系统进行速度控制。
设计完成后，根据主要结构及尺寸关系，绘制二维的零件图，绘制驱动电路原理图。
关键词：数控铣床；工作台；直流伺服电机；PWM
Abstract
CNC milling machining equipment, occupies an important position in the manufacturing sector plays an important role in the development of the national economy. The two-dimensional precision stage is a key component of CNC milling machine and the quality of two-dimensional precision stage has an important influence on CNC milling machining accuracy and product quality, CNC milling two-dimensional precision stage design has an important economicvalue social significance.
The design of the main task is to study the CNC milling two-dimensional precision stage the main structure, including the structure of the table design and the design of the motor drive circuit.
The table structure design principleswith reference to the existing structure of the CNC milling machine table, the practical requirements of the bench-strength, stiffness, size, etc. At the same time try to simplify the structure and optimization. The design procedure is to first determine the overall size, the overall size of the Shenyang Machine Tool Factory excellence in CNC milling machine. Use Solidworks software for computer-aided design, using the model to simulate the assembly and interference checking. Secondly, the specific structural design as much as possible suppliers of standard parts, reduce machining requirements. Finally, the structural design of the main components such as screw checking and accuracy checking.
The design portion of the drive circuit, first of all determined using a DC servo motor and drive circuit according to the motor model parameters. Drive circuit composed of MOS transistor H-bridge power driver and PWM speed control system for speed control.
When design is complete, according to the main structure and size relationships, draw two-dimensional parts diagram, draw driver circuit schematic.
Keywords: CNC milling machine; table; DC servo motor; the PWM
目录
引言3
1国内外数控铣床发展情况与设计意义4
1.1国外数控铣床发展情况4
1.2国内数控铣床发展情况4
1.3设计意义4
2方案选择5
2.1伺服进给系统选择5
2.2伺服电机选择6
3伺服进给系统参数计算7
3.1传动系统设计7
3.2工作台外形尺寸及重量初步估算7
3.3滚珠丝杠选择及计算8
3.3.1滚珠丝杠精度8
3.3.2滚珠丝杠选择8
3.4丝杠支撑选择及计算11
3.5导轨副的选择及计算13
3.6选择伺服电动机14
3.6.1最大切削负载转矩计算14
3.6.2负载惯量计算15
3.6.3空载加速转矩计算16
3.7伺服系统增益16
3.8精度验算16
3.8.1伺服刚度KR 16
3.8.2滚珠丝杠的拉压刚度Ktmin 17
3.8.3丝杠轴承的轴向刚度Kba 17
3.8.4滚珠丝杠螺母的接触刚度KC 18
3.8.5联轴器扭转刚度K1 18
3.8.6综合刚度K 18
3.8.7弹性变形18
3.8.8定位误差验算18
4主要部件设计及校核18
4.1联轴器18
4.2键19
4.3支承件19
4.3.1床身结构20
4.3.2电机座20
4.4 T型槽工作台21
4.5检测装置21
5直流伺服电机驱动电路设计23
5.1总体方案概述23
5.2 H桥驱动原理23
5.3 PWM原理24
5.4 H桥驱动电路设计25
5.5自举驱动电路26
5.6脉宽信号产生电路29
6结论31
谢辞32
参考文献33
附录34