万能材料实验机加热保温装置的设计含程序及2张CAD图带开题+说明书

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万能材料实验机加热保温装置的设计
摘要

温度在材料进行试验时对其机械性能、工艺性能影响非常大。目前国内的万能材料试验机只能在常温下进行材料的力学性能实验，不能满足在不同温度条件下研究材料的力学性能，国外有类似产品，但其价格十分昂贵。因此本文的目的就是设计一个能够加热和保温的装置。通过对有关万能材料试验机现存问题的分析，由于对温度控制精度要求较高，而且能够对多点温度进行测量，并且控制过程方便简单，可对温度控制进行编程。所以确立了以三菱FX2N-64MR型可编程控制器（PLC）为控制核心，与FX2N-2LC温度调节模块相结合，在常规PID控制基础上，进行硬件和软件设计，实现对万能材料试验机试验箱的温度控制。通过温度传感器pt100对温度进行巡回检测，检测的信号经A/D模数转换得到相应的数字量，温控模块FX2N-2LC再进行判断和运算，得到应有的控制量，再经过D/A数模转换得到相应的模拟量，去控制加热接触器的通断，从而达到对温度的控制。另外利用组态软件设计上位机控制界面，通过FX2编程口与可编程控制器进行链接，利用RS232定的方式进行通信，以监视和辅助控制试验机保温腔的温度。
关键词：加热保温；PID控制；可编程控制器；FX2N-2LC温控模块；组态界面
Abstract
It isvery large that the temperature affects the materials on the mechanical properties and processing properties in the test. Currently the universal material testing machine can only testing the mechanical properties of materials under the room temperature. It can not meet the conditions of different temperaturewhich to research the mechanical properties of materials. There are some similar products in abroad,but the price isvery expensive. So this article is aimed at designing a device to heating and insulating. Because of the high precision of temperature control, and it is required the temperature control system be able to do multi-point temperature measurement.Even though controlling the process easy and convenient,and can be programmed in the temperature controlling.Through the analysis of the existing problems of the universal material testing machine, so establishing the Mitsubishi FX2N-64MR Programmable Logic Controller type as the control center and combiningwith the FX2N-2LCwhich is a temperature control module. In the basis of conventional PID control,making hardware and software design,and achieving the temperature control of the universal material testing machine. By temperature sensor pt100 on the temperature for circuit testing, the signals of the detection convert the corresponding digital by A/ D analog-digital. More, the temperature Control Module FX2N-2LC judgments and operats, getting amount of control they deserve.Further, go through D/A digital-analog converter getting the corresponding analog to control the heater on or off to achieve the control of temperature.At the same time,using the configuration software to design the temperature monitoring and controlling interface of the PC to monitor and assist-control the temperature of the cavity insulation of the testing machine by using the FX2 programming port to link to the Programmable Logic Controller and RS232 to communicate in the manner.
Keywords：heating and insulating ;PID control ; Programmable Logic Controller ; FX2N-2LC temperature control module ;Configuration interface
目录
引言1
1绪论2
1.1课题来源2
1.2目前温度控制系统2
1.3课题的设计与分析3
2控制理论4
2.1闭环控制系统4
2.2阶跃响应4
2.3 PID控制的原理和特点4
3硬件设计7
3.1硬件总体结构7
3.2主控模块的选择与设计7
3.2.1PLC的选用7
3.2.2PLC简述9
3.2.3PLC控制电路设计12
3.3温度控制模块的选择与设计13
3.3.1温控模块的选用13
3.3.2温控模块的简述13
3.3.3FX2N-2LC控制电路设计20
4软件设计（1） 23
4.1软件设计思想23
4.2控制要求及软元件定义23
4.2.1控制参数及要求23
4.2.2输入输出信号定义24
4.2.3内部继电器定义24
4.2.4数据寄存器定义24
4.3系统软件组成25
4.3.1温度设定值输入25
4.3.2模块状态的读出25
4.3.3模块参数的赋值26
4.3.4模块控制与报警27
5软件设计（2） 29
5.1组态软件简述29
5.2监控主界面的设计30
5.3数据报表设计32
5.4报警记录设计35
6试验箱的设计37
6.1试验箱结构图37
6.2保温腔结构图38
6.3窗门结构38
6.4材料选用39
6.5保护层39
7总结40
谢辞41
参考文献42
附录43

试验箱

4目录

1字数

2摘要

3设计所包含文件