0装配图
本文设计了一种芦苇的多功能收割机械。这款多功能收割机采用65马力柴油机，首先采用链式拨禾装置把芦苇拨入收割台，采用了往复式收割器对芦苇进行收割，然后通过加持链条送入输送，随后送入立式滚筒打捆系统对芦苇进行打捆，打捆的芦苇最终掉入滚筒下的集料箱实现茎秆的收集，实现了芦苇的联合收割。芦苇多功能收割机的收割和拨禾装置是非常重要的，而且还要处理好前进速度和拨禾速度的关系，芦苇是比较硬的一种作物，所以在收割和拨禾过程中是其中的难点，不能像小麦那样的大的拨禾轮，而是采用了链式传动，链条上按放着长齿条，在工作时，不断运动把芦苇往割刀方向拨。
Abstract
Korshinsk Peashrub is one of the species of Leguminosae Caragana Fabr which is a king of perennial shrub, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, widely and dusty-resistant, strong vitality and Inverse-resistance. In view of the particular biological nature of Korshinsk Peashrub, it straightly grown in the west inner Mongolia, the northwest of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu and it played an significant role of defending the breeze sand and keep water and soil, the total planting areas in the whole country is up to 66,666,600,000 hm2, , the planting area of Datong is already up to 200 thousand hm2,. Korshinsk Peashrub is rich in protain, in the time of anthesis, the fresh Korshinsk Peashrub contains 14% simple protein, 3.5% simple fat, 33.9% coarse fibre,31.3%nitrogen free eotrant,5.4% ash. Thus from this point, Korshinsk Peashrub is also a fine economic feed. Owning to the grown latitude of the Korshinsk Peashrub is at the area with bad ecosystem. After being carried out the Captive feeding ban, it is difficult to achieve the economic value.
By way of incarnate the feeding value of Korshinsk Peashrub，we ping stubbles to the measured up and with the followed-up processing ,append into the feeding stuff finally, that Korshinsk Peashrub is difficult to reap has become a consensus in the manufacture of agriculture machinery zone. The existing mechanical cutting effect of ping stubble is poor and the cutting shrub falls under the earth directly. Those machines have bad adaptability and need to reap by manpower because of the Korshinsk Peashrub had high level of lignifications and much hard stem thorns, it is difficult to reap and collect by manpower .As a result the inefficient of harvesting and very poor effect.
In order to solve this problem that make a better economic value of Korshinsk Peashrub, content the requirement of Korshinsk Peashrub planting areas, this paper project a machine of Korshinsk Peashrub Combined Harvester use 65-horsepower diesel engine and first use the chain collection conveyer device to push the Korshinsk Peashrub into the harvest; use the reciprocating cutter to cue the Korshinsk Peashrub; then through the chain conveyer into the vertical flatting and conveyer machine; send into the reciprocating tumbling-box cutting part to cut up the Korshinsk Peashrub; the cut Korshinsk Peashrub falls into the container box under the tumbling-box, eventually achieve the collection of the stem and combined-harvest. The flattened-sending roll and the cylinder cutter are installed in three-dimensional way which not only can make the whole contract well-knit but also can save the space; furthermore, it can be fully coordinated with the reciprocating cutting system. The designing of this Korshinsk Peashrub Combined Harvester not only promote a new way of combined-harvesting but also start a direction on the follow up study and research on the designing.
Features: 1. The high degree of combination.
2. This machine has done the rough cut of the reaped Korshinsk Peashrub which is convenient for the follow up processing.
目录
1引言1
1.1课题的提出和意义1
1.2国内外研究现状1
1.3本文的研究内容及方法2
2技术任务书2
3设计计算说明书3
3.1传动方案的确定3
3.2传动皮带轮的设计计算4
3.2.1减速箱主动轴传出的皮带轮组4
3.2.2滚筒到减速轴的皮带轮组6
3.2.3减速轴到压扁输送辊的皮带轮组6
3.2.4减速器从动轴到拨禾链齿轮箱的带轮组7
3.3立式收割台设计7
3.3.1梳理器的选择8
3.3.2往复式梳理器的设计9
3.3.3往复式梳理器的构造9
3.3.4往复式梳理器的类型11
3.3.5往复式梳理器的结构标准化13
3.3.6割刀进距13
3.3.7影响往复式梳理器工作性能的因素13
3.4芦苇多功能收割机割刀传动机构的组成14
3.4.1曲柄摇杆ABC的运动方程14
3.4.2曲柄摇杆ABC的旋转惯性力问题15
3.4.3割刀的动力学问题16
3.4.4三角摆块的动力学方程17
3.4.5总结17
3.5拨禾器的设计17
3.5.1链传动的设计计算18
3.6立辊式输送装置的设计19
3.7打捆装置的设计19
3.8收集料斗的设计20
4使用说明书20
5标注化审核报告（BS） 21
5.1产品图样的审查21
5.2产品技术文件的审查21
5.3标注件的使用情况21
5.4审查结论22
6结论22
参考文献23
致谢24
多功能芦苇收割机设计
1引言
1.1课题的提出和意义
鉴于芦苇独特的生物特性，多年来它一直是山西西北部和陕西、甘肃等防风固沙、防止水土流失的重要选用植物。全国芦苇种植面积已达到666.66万hm2 ，仅山西大同市芦苇种植面积达到2万hm2 [2]。芦苇含有丰富的蛋白质，糖类。由此可见，芦苇还是优良的经济饲料。未实施禁牧前，种植芦苇的经济效益主要以牲畜的自然采食来体现，采食率一般在20%～30%之间。然而由于种植芦苇的地区都是生态状况较差的地区，这类地区实行了严格的禁牧舍饲圈养后，使芦苇的经济价值很难体现。其中最关键的问题就是芦苇的机械化平茬收割技术没有得到根本解决。一方面，因为大部分地区圈养牲畜的主要饲草青贮或压缩后的玉米秸秆，牲畜采食种类单一，营养成分不全，导致肉奶品质部高，抗病能力下降，不少牲畜都处于亚健康状态；另一方面，含有多种营养成分的芦苇得不到利用。另外，根据芦苇生长特性，最好3～4年平茬一次，否则它的生长速度就会减慢甚至消失[3]。为解决这些问题，给生态建设和舍饲圈养创造可持续发展的空间，当务之急是研制一种可实现对芦苇进行多功能收割的机械。
1.2国内外研究现状
现在国内外暂时还没有出现对芦苇多功能收割机成型机械的报道，现有的对芦苇进行收割的装置只有普通的割草机，还有适用于芦苇的平茬机。普通的圆盘锯齿式和甩刀式机具梳理后，切口表面形成不光滑的所谓“毛口”，不利于次年发芽生长[3]。这些机械只能把芦苇梳理，并没有处理和收集装置，梳理完以后直接散落到地里，还需要人工进行收集。这些机械的适应性差，很多地方还是需要人工砍收割。由于芦苇茎秆木质化较高，而且茎秆上多硬刺，人工砍割和收集都非常不容易，收割效率极低而且效果非常差。
1.3本文的研究内容及方法
根据国内外芦苇多功能收割机研究的发展现状，以及国内对芦苇多功能收割机的需求，本文对芦苇多功能收割机的整体设计进行了研究，首先设计有效的拨禾装置把芦苇拨入收割台，采用了往复式梳理器对芦苇进行梳理，随后送入立式传送输送辊系统进行传送及输送，然后送入立式滚筒梳理系统对芦苇进行打捆。本文着重对梳理以后的工作部分进行了研究。
综上所述，我国芦苇收割机的研制势在必行，尤其是既能对芦苇进行收割，又能对芦苇进行切断和收集的多功能收割机械的研制更有发展潜力和应用前景。在分析了国内外有关研究现状之后，发现本文针对芦苇所设计的立辊式传送梳理系统还没有相关研究，所以有必要进行研究分析。
端盖
滚刀架A1
滚筒减速小带轮A3
减速大带轮
减速小带轮
链轮
平板刀A3
平传动大带轮
平传动大带轮A3
平传动小带轮
切割及拨禾装配图
输送辊A1
往复式割刀
斜齿轮A2
压扁辊减速带轮A3
直齿
装配图A0
锥齿
锥齿轮A2
