A自卸与举升机构
重型自卸车货箱与举升装置设计
摘要
自卸汽车是利用发动机动力驱动液压举升机构，将货箱倾斜一定角度从而达到自动卸货的目的，并依靠货箱自重使其复位的。自卸机构负责货物的举升倾卸，卸货时驾驶员操纵液压阀的控制手柄，动力由发动机输出经变速器再到取力器，取力器驱动液压泵给液压缸提供动力，液压缸推动货箱实现货物的倾卸。液压举升机构是自卸汽车的重要工作系统之一，其结构形式、性能好坏直接影响自卸汽车的使用性能和安全性能。
本次设计的主要内容集中于自卸汽车液压缸及液压系统的设计，介绍了液压设计的前期准备工作：设计的依据、设计的一般原则和设计步骤。通过对自卸汽车举升机构几种方案的比较,确定该车的举升机构的方案,并对该方案进行了力学分析计算和液压系统设计。设计采用直推式举升机构,具有结构简单,行程长,兼具经济性的特点。然后对液压缸的刚度、强度、系
统压力、升降时间进行了验算和校核，最终确定了该方案的合理性和安全性。另外，本说明书对取力器和货箱也进行了设计和计算。
关键词：自卸汽车，液压系统，举升机构，取力器
HEAVY DUMP TRUCK PACKING CASE AND THE DESIGN OF LIFTING DEVICE
ABSTRACT
The dump truck uses the engine power actuation hydraulic pressure lifting organization, packing container incline certain angle, thus serves the purpose which unloads cargo automatically, and depends upon the packing container dead weight to cause its replacement. The auto-dumping mechanism is mainly responsible for the lifting and dumping of the goods.When the goods are needed to be unloaded, the operator will control the handle of the hydraulic valve,and then the goods are dumped by the series of engines from the engine to the gearbox,and then to the power-out device driving the liquid pump to give the power to liquid tank ,which pushes the compartment to tilt the goods. The hydraulic pressure lifting organization is one of dump truck's important work systems, its structural style, performance quality immediate influence dump truck's operational performance and safety performance.
The content of this graduation design has focused on the design of the dump truck hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic systems,introducing the design of hydraulic design preparation work,and the design basis ,general principles and steps. Compared with the several plans of lifting mechanism ,we have chosen one plan finally,for we have designed the calculation of the mechanical analysis and the hydraulic system.The design put to use to keep the push type lifting mechanism,which has simple structure ,long route of travel,and economic.
What’s more,we alse have checked its stiffness,strength,systematic pressure,lifting up and down time,finally we decided the reasonableness and security.In addition, we alse made the design and calculation of the
Power-Take-Off and the goods’ compartment.
Keywords: dump truck,hydraulic pressure urn design,hydraulic pressure
system,Lifting mechanism,Power-Take-Off
目录
第一章前言1
第二章总体方案分析及确定3
§2.1自卸汽车的分类3
§2.2总设计内容分析4
§2.3车厢设计5
§2.3.1车厢结构设计5
§2.3.2车厢选择材料6
§2.4举升机构分析6
§2.4.1液压系统的组成部分及作用6
§2.4.2自卸汽车举升机构现存方案及其优缺点7
第三章液压举升系统的设计10
§3.1举升机构设计中应考虑的问题10
§3.1.1爬行现象10
§3.1.2车厢在最大举升位置时，车厢后地板离地面的高度。 11
§3.1.3液压缸设计时应注意如下问题。 11
§3.2举升参数的确定12
§3.3液压缸举升参数的计算12
§3.3.1基本参数和计算方法的选择12
§3.3.2举升油缸直径的计算13
§3.3.3液压性能参数计算18
§3.3.4货箱举升时间的校核19
§3.4液压缸基本参数的校核19
第四章液压系统主要元件的设计计算和选择22
§4.1系统工作压力22
§4.2液压油缸22
§4.2.1举升油缸的技术参数22
§4.2.2满行程油缸充油量V 23
§4.2.3举升时间23
§4.3动力元件-----液压泵的选型与计算23
§4.4阀类元件的确定24
§4.4.1选择范类元件应注意的问题24
§4.4.2阀类元件的选择24
§4.5管路的选择26
第五章取力器的设计计算27
§5.1取力装置概述27
§5.2取力装置的设计计算27
§5.2.1已知条件27
§5.2.2齿轮的参数选择和强度计算28
总结31
致谢32
参考文献33
设计目录
摘要部分
字数统计
齿轮
货箱总成
液压系统布局图
取力器
