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基于第二代小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法与实验研究
摘要
滚动轴承是旋转机械中应用最为广泛的机械零件，也是最易损坏的元件之一。旋转机械的许多故障都与滚动轴承有关，轴承性能与工况的好坏直接影响到与之相关联的轴以及安装在转轴上的齿轮乃至整台机械设备的性能，其缺陷会导致设备产生异常振动和噪声，甚至造成设备损坏。通过分析滚动轴承的失效机理及出现故障时的特征频率，用第二代小波分析能同时从时域和频域两个方面对信号进行分析，应用第二代小波变换加包络分析相结合的方法，成功提取仿真信号和实测信号中的周期性成分，对滚动轴承故障做出准确诊断。因而用第二代小波变换研究滚动轴承故障，有着较好的优势，同时开展对轴承的故障诊断具有非常重要的意义。
通过调研和查阅相关文献，了解第二代小波变换理论和应用现状。根据滚动轴承故障的特点，熟练运用第二代小波变换的基本原理诊断滚动轴承在机械零件中的故障。再者采用Matlab编制分析程序，并且在旋转机械试验台进行故障实验研究，提取出轴承故障特征。针对于信号的特点，构造合适的第二代小波，以提取信号中轴承故障特征参数，从而达到在试验研究基础上，研究基于第二代小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。
关键字：滚动轴承；第二代小波变换；包络分析；故障诊断；MATLAB
Abstract
Rolling bearing is the mostwidely used in rotating machinery,which is one of the most fragile components. The many failures of rotating machinery is relationshipwith the Rolling bearing,the bearing performance andworking conditions have a direct impact to the performance of the associated shaft and the gear installed on the shaft or a complete mechanical equipment of the defectwill cause the device to generate abnormalvibrationand noise, and even equipment damage. By the characteristic frequency of the failure mechanism and failure analysis of rolling bearing, simultaneously from the two aspects of time domain and frequency domain signal analysiswith the second generationwavelet analysis, the application of second generationwavelet transform plus envelopment analysis method of combining, successful extraction of simulated signals and measured signals in the cyclical component, to make an accurate diagnosis of rolling bearing failure. Thus the second generationwavelet transform rolling bearing fault, has a better advantage at the same time to carry out fault diagnosis of bearing great significance.
Research and relevant literature to understand the second generationwavelet transform theory and application status. According to the characteristics of the rolling bearing fault, skilled use of second generationwavelet transform of the basic principles of diagnosis of rolling bearing failure in the mechanical parts. Furthermore, using Matlab prepare an analysis of program, and rotating machinery test rig failure experimental study, to extract the bearing fault feature. For the characteristics of the signal, to construct a suitable second-generationwavelet, bearing fault characteristic parameters in order to extract the signal, to achieve in the test study on the basis ofwhich, the study is based on second generationwavelet transform of the ball bearing fault diagnosis method.
Keywords: Rolling bearing；Second generationwavelet transform；Envelopment analysis Fault Diagnosis；MATLAB
目录
引言1
1绪论1
1.1课题研究的意义1
1.2课题研究现状1
1.3本课题研究的内容2
2旋转机械故障诊断研究现状2
2.1故障信号特征提取2
2.2故障信号降噪处理技术3
2.3故障状态识别4
2.3.1主分量分析法4
2.3.2距离函数分类法4
2.3.3好模煳模式识别法4
2.3.4神经网络识别法5
2.3.5贝叶斯决策理论方法5
2.4第二代小波分析方法与第一代小波的比较6
3第二代小波分析基本理论分析6
3.1小波分析简介6
3.1.1多分辨率阐述6
3.1.2小波变换9
3.2第二代小波基本理论分析及方法11
3.2.1Laurent多项式的Euclidean算法11
3.2.2小波分解与重构的多相位的表示法12
3.2.3提升算法13
4基于第二代小波变换滚动轴承故障诊断15
4.1概述简介15
4.2滚动轴承振动特性16
4.2.1滚动轴承的典型结构16
4.2.2滚动轴承的特征频率16
4.3故障轴承振动信号特征18
4.3.1轴承内滚道损伤18
4.3.2轴承外滚道损伤19
4.3.3滚动体损伤20
4.4二代小波在滚动轴承故障诊断的研究22
4.4.1正常轴承的频率特性22
4.4.2轴承外圈故障诊断25
4.4.4轴承滚动体故障诊断30
5结论32
谢辞33
参考文献34
附录35
摘要
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