装配图
J31-125闭式单点曲柄压力机
摘要
制造业的发展是国家经济发展的重要保证,同时又是评判一个国家科技实力和国防实力是否领先的重要标准。在机械制造业中,锻压制造是目前全世界应用最为广泛的制造方法之一-。而在锻压机械中,曲柄压力机又占有很大的比重。曲柄压力机主要是通过飞轮将电机的能量存储,在工作的瞬间通过曲轴及与其相连的滑块对特定的模具做功而释放能量。如今,随着汽车工业的兴起,曲柄压力机以及其他锻压设备得到了迅速发展。众所周知,由于采用现代化的锻压工艺生产工件具有效率高,质量好,能量省和成本低的优点。所以,工业先进的国家越来越多地采用锻压工艺代替传统的切削工艺和其他工艺。近年来,机械压力机广泛应用于冲裁,落料,弯曲,折边,浅拉伸及其他冷冲压工序,是汽车,摩托车,家用电器,仪器仪表,轻工,国防工业,化工容器,电子等行业必备的关键设备。伴随着工业的发展,压力机的种类和数量越来越多,质量要求越来越大,能力越来越大,它在机械制造业和其它相关行业中的作用日趋显着。因此对压力机的精度和生产率等的要求也就越来越高,所以对压力机进行优化设计是十分必要的,对压力机的机身结构,传动系统,附属装置以及辅助系统等进行优化,生产出具有高效率,高精度,低成本,自动化等现代化制造特点的压力机,是值得研究和探讨的。
关键词:锻压制造;曲柄压力机;锻压工艺……
J31-125 Closed single point crank press
Abstract
The development of manufacturing industry is an important guarantee of national economic development, and it is also an important criterion for judging whether a country's scientific and technological strength and national defense strength are ahead. Forging manufacturing is one of the most widely used manufacturing methods in the world at present in the machinery manufacturing industry. In forging press, crank press occupies a large proportion. The crank press mainly stores the energy of the motor through the flywheel, and releases energy through the crankshaft and the slider connected to it at the moment of operation. Today, with the rise of the automotive industry, crank presses and other forging equipment have developed rapidly. It is well known that the modern forging process has the advantages of high efficiency, good quality, low energy saving and low cost. Therefore, more and more advanced industrial countries are using forging techniques instead of traditional cutting techniques and other techniques. In recent years, mechanical presses have been widely used in stamping, dressing, bending, folding, shallow stretching and other cold stamping processes. They are essential for automobiles, motorcycles, household appliances, instrumentation, light industry, national defense industry, chemical containers, and electronics. Key equipment. With the development of industry, there are more and more types and quantities of pressure machines, and more and more quality requirements and capabilities. Its role in machinery manufacturing and other related industries has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, the requirements for the accuracy and productivity of the press are also getting higher and higher. Therefore, it is very necessary to optimize the design of the press. The fuselage structure, transmission system, accessories, and auxiliary systems of the press are optimized. The production is highly efficient. High precision, low cost, automation and other modern manufacturing characteristics of the press, is worth studying and discussing.
Key words: Forging and compression manufacturing; Crank press; Forging process ...
目录
摘要i
Abstract ii
1曲柄压力机概述1
1.1曲柄压力机的构件以及工作原理1
1. 2 J31-125压力机的主要技术参数3
1.2.1公称压力3
1.2.2滑块行程3
1.2.3滑块每分钟行程次数3
1.2.4装模高度3
1.2.5压力机工作台面尺寸及滑块底面尺寸4
1.2.6漏料孔尺寸4
1.2.7模柄孔尺寸4
1.2.8立柱间距离5
2 J31-125压力机的方案对比和选择7
2.1电动机的选择7
2. 2计算总功8
2.2.1工作变形功A1 8
2.2.2拉延垫工作功A2 8
2.2.3工作行程时由于曲柄滑块机构的摩擦所消耗的能量A3 9
2.2.4工作行程时由于压力机受力系统的弹性变形所消耗的能量A4 9
2.2.5压力机空程向下和空程向上时所消耗的能量A5 10
2.2.6滑块停顿飞轮空转时所消耗的能量A6 10
2.2.7单次行程时,离合器接合所消耗的能量A7 11
2.3传动系统的对比和设计12
2.3.1确定滑块上加力点的数目及机构的运动分析13
2.3.2确定传动系统的布置方式16
2.3.3确定传动级数和各传动比的分配17
2.3.4选择离合器和制动器的类型18
3主要零件的设计与校核23
3.1 V带和带轮设计23
3.1.1确定计算功率Pca 23
3.1.2选取窄V带带型23
3.1.3确定带轮基准直径23
3.1.4确定窄V带的基准直径和传动中心距23
3.1.5验算主动轮上的包角α1 24
3.1.6计算窄V带的根数z 24
3.1.7计算预紧力24
3.1.8计算作用在轴上的压轴力25
3.2齿轮的设计25
3.2.1概述25
3.2.2传动齿轮的设计26
3.3轴的设计30
3.3.1大皮带轮轴的设计30
3.3.2偏心齿轮轴的设计32
3.4滑块与导轨的设计35
3.5连杆的设计36
3.5.1连杆及装模高度调节机构36
3.5.2连杆及调节螺杆的强度校核36
3.5.3滑动轴承的校核37
4机身的设计39
4.1机身的比较和选择39
4.2机身的强度计算40
4.2.1立柱和拉紧螺栓强度校核40
5辅助装置的选择45
5.1过载保护装置的选择45
5.2拉延垫45
5.3滑块平衡装置45
5.4润滑系统46
总结49
附录50
参考文献51
外文文献52
中文翻译62
1曲柄压力机概述
曲柄压力机是一种最常用的冷冲压设备,用作冷冲压模具的工作平台。其结构简单,使用方便。
在曲柄压力机中,滑件安装在曲柄轴上,由于曲柄轴的旋转而在一定行程内竖直往复,并且向冲模冲压工件以成形所需产品。本发明的曲柄压力机包括具有V形缩进部分的滑件以在两边框间进行竖直往复运动;和导轨(G1、G2),其表面对应缩进部分突出,从而,滑件可沿边框上的导轨无空隙地上下滑动。
通过曲柄滑块机构将电动机的旋转运动转换为滑块的直线往复运动,对坯料进行成形加工的锻压机械。机械压力机动作平稳,工作可靠,广泛用于冲压、挤压、模锻和粉末冶金等工艺。机械压力机在数量上约占各类锻压机械总数的一半以上。机械压力机的规格用公称工作力(千牛)表示,它是以滑块运动到距行程的下止点约10~15毫米处(或从下止点算起曲柄转角α约为15°~30°时)为计算基点设计的最大工作力
大带轮轴
偏心齿轮
偏心齿轮轴
曲柄滑块机构
小带轮轴