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后装压缩式垃圾车是一种垃圾后装、后卸、用于压缩收运生活垃圾的环卫车辆,目前,国内市场的后装压缩式垃圾车存在很多问题:污水处理不彻底,易造成二次污染;压缩或推卸垃圾的机构容易受到腐蚀。因此,本次设计着重于解决以上问题,并优化结构设计,完善车辆密封,设计一款性能优良的后装压缩式垃圾车。
参考行业内后装压缩式垃圾车的相关数据,根据给定的设计参数,在选择型号为EQ1095SJ8CD2底盘的基础上,为提高整车载质量,从车厢和压填机构入手,选择了合适的装填角和鼓形车厢,以提高垃圾压缩比进而提高载质量;除此之外,为减小运动机构零部件损坏,对压填机构、卸料机构设计时,在车厢和装填器内侧面加设导轨以减小摩擦力;其次,对装填器的结构进行了强化并增大了装填器有效容积,在其底部设计了污水循环处理系统优化污水处理,与此同时,装填器内部空间的增大,使得压填机构行程增大,优化了刮合轨迹;进而,分析各机构油缸的运动,为避免机构运动发生干涉,对油缸的行程进行了规划,确定了液压元件及系统工作压力并绘制液压油路图;最后,加设翻桶机构,并给装填器增加了盖板,完善了车辆密封。
整车各机构零部件及整车的结构设计使用SOLIDWORKS进行零件的三维建模及运动机构的装配,并使用SOLIDWORKS对车厢、刮板、滑板进行有限元分析,保证了结构的性能并降低了生产成本。
关键词:压缩式垃圾车;压填机构;卸料机构;上料机构
ABSTRACT
The post loading compression garbage truck is a kind of sanitation vehicle which is used to compress, collect and transport domestic garbage. At present, there are many problems in the post loading compression garbage truck in the domestic market: the sewage treatment is not complete, which is easy to cause secondary pollution; the mechanism of compressing or pushing garbage is easy to be corroded. Therefore, this design focuses on solving the above problems, optimizing the structural design, improving the vehicle sealing, and designing a good performance after loading compression garbage truck.
In order to improve the vehicle's load quality, the appropriate loading angle and drum shaped carriage are selected from the carriage and the ballast mechanism to improve the load quality. In addition, in order to reduce the damage of the moving mechanism parts, it is necessary to In the design of the filling mechanism and the unloading mechanism, a guide rail is added on the inner side of the carriage and the loader to reduce the friction; secondly, the structure of the loader is strengthened and the effective volume of the loader is increased, and the sewage circulating treatment system is designed at the bottom to optimize the sewage treatment. At the same time, the internal space of the loader is increased, so the travel of the filling mechanism is increased, and the scraping rail is optimized Then, the movement of each mechanism oil cylinder is analyzed. In order to avoid the interference of mechanism movement, the stroke of oil cylinder is planned, the working pressure of hydraulic components and system is determined, and the hydraulic oil circuit diagram is drawn. Finally, the bucket turning mechanism is added, the cover plate is added to the loader, and the vehicle seal is completed.
The three-dimensional modeling of the parts and the assembly of the moving mechanism are carried out by SolidWorks, and the finite element analysis of the carriage, scraper and skateboard is carried out by SolidWorks, so as to ensure the performance of the structure and reduce the production cost.
Key words: compression garbage truck; compression mechanism; unloading mec
-hanism; loading mechanism
目录
第一章绪论1
课题研究的背景和目的1
国内外研究现状1
国外研究现状1
国内研究现状2
压缩式垃圾车设计的意义及内容2
第二章13m后装压缩式垃圾车整车设计3
整车技术参数确定3
设计要求3
整车技术参数确定3
总体方案确定4
底盘选型4
确定整车质量参数4
2.3.3底盘型号确定8
上装结构设计9
车厢设计9
卸料方式设计10
压缩系统设计12
上料机构设计14
装填器设计15
污水处理系统设计15
第三章液压系统设计17
后装压缩式垃圾车主要工作流程分析17
确定其主要参数17
初选系统工作压力17
计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸18
工况分析19
运动分析19
动力分析23
液压缸的流量27
绘制液压系统工况图27
液压系统压力循环图27
液压系统流量循环图29
功率循环图30
制定液压系统油路图32
液压油路方案图32
制定总液压系统油路总图34
液压元件的选型35
确定液压泵型号35
液压阀的选择36
管道尺寸的确定37
管道内径计算37
3.9油箱容量的确定38
第4章上装结构分析39
车厢结构分析39
车厢建模39
4.1.1车厢有限元分析40
压填机构分析42
压填机构零件建模与装配42
压填机构零件有限元分析45
卸料机构分析48
推铲建模并装配48
推铲有限元分析50
装填器51
装填器建模并装配51
装填器有限元分析54
翻桶机构55
总装配体56
结论57
参考文献58
第一章绪论
课题研究的背景和目的
我国每年生活垃圾总量居世界前列,目前我国不同地区垃圾总量情况不同。
数据显示:垃圾总产量已超过4亿吨,垃圾的回收与利用至关重要,因此,收运垃圾的车辆在垃圾回收与运送过程中扮演了极为重要的角色。与此同时,也出现了很多类型的垃圾车,最典型的车型是后装压缩式垃圾车。
由于后装压缩式垃圾车的工作效率高,交通适应能力强,单车运输成本低、相比其它车型载质量较高,是典型的市场主流车辆,且此型车辆销量每年以10%的速度增长。国内此种车型的设计开发主要针对地、县级城市,很少或几乎不考虑部分正在建设或者资源开发地区垃圾中废料渣土多、密度较大甚至掺杂很多建筑废料等实际情况,从而致使目前市场上的压缩式垃圾车在路面环境比较恶劣、收运垃圾情况比较复杂时故障频发、车厢内部工作机构受腐蚀、破坏严重等诸多问题。因此,设计一款能解决诸多作业问题、适应特殊环境工作、装载质量和废水处理优化的车型具有现实意义。
0三维预览图(2)
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刮板二维
推铲
装配体二维图
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