摘要
由于汽车保有量的逐渐增加,由汽车引起的环境问题也日益严重,而实现汽车的轻量化便是一种有效的解决方法。而发动机罩板作为汽车表面的大覆盖件之一,实现发动机罩板的轻量化对汽车的轻量化有重大的作用。本文分析了某轿车的发动机罩板,对其进行了轻量化的设计研究。首先建立发动机罩板的三维模型,然后将模型加载到Ansys软件中进行有限元分析,分析罩板在四种常见工况下的位移和最大应力,并将其作为初始数据,以便进行后续的轻量化设计。预选铝合金AA6016和高强度钢BS550MC作为材料优化的替换材料,根据所选的材料强度,对罩板的厚度做出改动,之后进行有限元分析,得到罩板在四个工况下的位移云图和应力云图,结果表明,在满足材料屈服强度的条件下,使用铝合金AA6016作为替换材料能减轻罩板29.05%的质量,使用高强度钢BS550MC可以减轻罩板9.98%的质量。综合各方案的经济性和社会效益,最终选择铝合金AA6016作为替换材料。之后对罩板进行结构改进,在设计了多种方案并对其进行有限元分析后,最终得到的方案能够减轻罩板30.01%的质量。
关键词:罩板;有限元分析;轻量化;结构优化
Abstract
With the gradual increase of automobile ownership, the environmental problems caused by automobiles are becoming more and more serious, and the lightweight of automobiles is an effective solution. As one of the largest covering parts on the automobile surface, the light weight of car hood plays an important role in the light weight of automobile. In this paper, the car hood of a car is analyzed and its lightweight design is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional model of car hood plate was established, and then the model was loaded into Ansys software for finite element analysis. The displacement and maximum stress of the hood plate under four common working conditions were analyzed and used as the initial data for subsequent lightweight design.Pre-selected aluminum alloy AA6016 and high-strength steel BS550MC as alternative materials for material optimization. According to the selected material strength, the thickness of the car hood was changed. Then the finite element analysis was carried out to obtain the displacement cloud diagram and stress cloud diagram of the car hood under four working conditions.The results show that under the condition of material yield strength, the mass of hood can be reduced by 29.05% by using aluminum alloy AA6016 as the replacement material, and 9.98% by using high-strength steel BS550MC.Based on the economic and social benefits of the schemes, aluminum alloy AA6016 was selected as the replacement material. After that, the structure of the hood was improved. After designing various schemes and finite element analysis, the final scheme could reduce the quality of the hood by 30.01%.
Keywords: car hood;finite element analysis;lightweight;Structure optimization
目录
摘要I
Abstract II
第1章绪论1
研究背景和意义1
研究意义1
研究现状1
本设计的工作3
第2章汽车罩板的有限元分析4
罩板有限元模型的建立4
罩板工况分析7
正向弯曲工况7
侧向弯曲工况8
扭转工况9
模态工况9
罩板工况有限元分析10
正向弯曲工况有限元分析10
侧向弯曲工况有限元分析10
扭转工况有限元分析11
模态工况有限元分析11
本章小结12
第3章材料轻量化设计13
5.1轻量化材料介绍13
5.2轻量化材料替换方案13
5.3材料替换方案有限元分析14
正向弯曲工况14
侧向弯曲工况14
扭转工况15
模态工况16
5.4结果分析16
5.5本章小结17
第4章结构轻量化设计18
4.2形状优化方案18
4.3形状优化方案有限元分析19
4.3.3正向弯曲工况19
4.3.4侧向弯曲工况19
4.3.5扭转工况20
4.3.6模态工况21
4.4结果分析21
4.5本章小结23
第5章总结展望24
5.1总结24
5.2展望24
参考文献26
致谢28
第1章绪论
4.1研究背景和意义
由于人类社会的不断进步,我们需要更多的能源来维持社会的运行,人类对自然资源的过度开采,引起了一定的能源危机,节能环保也已变成如今社会发展的主题。汽车作为目前最基础的交通工具,因为技术的进步和人们经济水平的提高,得到了很大的普及。随着小康社会的逐渐建成,我国的汽车保有量正在高速增加,据统计,2018年全国新注册登记机动车3172万辆,机动车保有量已达3.27亿辆,其中汽车2.4亿辆。汽车保有量的增加加大了人类对化石燃料的需求,但是研究表明,可供人类使用的石油正在急剧减少。汽车保有量增加不仅引起了能源危机,还对环境产生了很大的破坏,汽车在运行时会产生大量的有害气体排入大气中,造成了严重的大气污染。随着汽车保有量的大幅增加,由汽车所引起的这一系列环境问题也日益严重,正在逐渐引起人们的重视,也亟待人们去解决。
4.2研究意义