用普通LED灯做传感器及数据传输的方法研究含开题及2张CAD图+说明书

触摸键电路原理图

用普通LED灯做传感器及数据传输的方法研究
摘要

随着科技技术日新月异的发展，无线技术，例如红外和蓝牙，越来越得到人们的重视，在各个领域都有广泛应用。但由于成本的问题不能得到很好的普及。随之，一种新型的传输方式诞生了——利用普通LED用于数据传输。
本设计主要要求实现LED用作传感器和数据传输方法的设计，在深入研究LED发光特性后，经过比较，决定利用红色高亮LED和ATMEGA16单片机来实现数据传输，利用ATMEGA8单片机和透明高亮LED来实现触摸键功能。数据传输系统是基于ATMEGA16单片机来进行设计的，主要包括PC机连接模块、主控制器模块、数据发射模块、数据接收模块及一些辅助电路等。设计时PC机和单片机之间进行串口通信，利用ATMEGA16单片机的ADC端口连接红色高亮LED实现数据的按位传输。数据传输原理在本质上和8-N-1 RS232是相似的，0和1代码是根据调制后的光脉冲宽度来传递的。经过调试，可实现大约5厘米之间的数据准确通讯。LED正向偏置和反向偏置后，根据半导体的特性，光线越强，内阻越小，内阻越小，放电越快，以此LED可感应周围环境光照强度，从而实现触摸键功能。
由于普通LED灯在生活中被广泛运用，所以可以解决人们生活中因缺乏数据传输设备带来的不便，如果完善了逻辑后，还可以应用于路灯自动开关，智能楼宇等场合。

关键字：串口；普通高亮LED；ATMEGA16单片机；ATMEGA8单片机

Abstract

With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people pay attention to thewireless technology. Thewireless technology are usedwidely invarious fields,such as IrDA and Blue tooth.But due to cost problem,it can not get good popularity.Then a new kind of technology is born---- common LED used for data transmission.
The design mainly requires to realize the method of LED used for sensors and data transmission.After the deep research of LED characteristics, I decide to use ATMEGA16 SCM and red high-light LED for data transmission.Besides, I determine to use ATMEGA8 SCM and transparent high-light LED for touch key.The data transmission system is designed based on ATMEGA16. It mainly includes PC connected module, the main controller module, data launch module, data receiving module and a few auxiliary circuit and so on.When designing, serial interface is used to connect the computer and SCM.To realize data transmission,the ADC port of ATMEGA16 should be connectedwith red high-light LED.The principle of data transmission is essentially highly similar to 8-N-1 RS232.And MARK and SPACE symbols are sent as pulse-width-modulated light pulses instead of asvoltage levels. After commissioning, the distance of data transmission can reach approximately 5cm.What’s more the data transmission is quite accurate in this distance.Due to the characteristics of semiconductor, the stronger light, the smaller resistance.While the smaller resistance, the faster discharge.After positive bias and reverse bias, LED can be used for light sensor.and it can be induced by surrounding light intensity.Sowe can realise the function of touch key in thisway.
Since the common LED iswidely used in life, sowe can solve the problem that people lack of data transmission equipment.It is so convenient for us.If the logic can be more perfect, LED can also used in automatic switch, intelligent building lamp and so on.

Keywords: serial interface;common high-light LED;ATMEGA16 SCM;ATMEGA8 SCM

目录

引言1
1.绪论1
1.1课题背景和意义1
1.2研究内容2
2.系统总体方案设计2
2.1 LED的理论基础2
2.1.1LED的工作原理2
2.1.2LED的优点3
2.1.3LED的基本特性3
2.1.4LED的调光控制4
2.2 LED感应原理和方案的选择5
2.3数据传输方案设计6
2.4触摸键方案设计6
3.硬件电路设计7
3.1数据传输方案硬件电路设计7
3.1.1单片机控制系统设计（ATMEGA16） 7
3.1.2串口连接电路设计14
3.2触摸键方案硬件电路设计（ATMEGA8） 16
4.系统程序设计23
4.1软件设计思想23
4.2数据传输系统程序设计23
4.2.1LED数据传输原理23
4.2.2通信协议测试23
4.2.3详细程序方框图25
4.3触摸键功能系统程序设计27
5.电路板制作和调试28
5.1电路原理图的绘制28
5.2元件的选用和电路板的焊制28
5.3电路板调试28
6.结论29
谢辞30
参考文献31
附录32

数据传输电路原理图

2摘要

3设计所包含文件

4目录

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