装配图
普通冲床送料装置的自动化改造
摘要
冲压形成的冲压件具有重量轻、厚度雹刚性好和质量稳定等优点,冲压设备被广泛使用。本文在总结了普通冲床的送料装置系统和电源数字化的研究的基础上,对冲床的送料装置进行了自动化的改造,并对该设计过程进行了论述。
本设计主要包括自动送料装置的设计及其控制系统的设计。控制系统设计主要是利用单片机AT89C52通过程序控制X-Y方向的两个步进电机来带动滚珠丝杠机构和工作台的协调工作,从而达到自动送料的目的,并借助于键盘和液晶显示来完成运动的启动、停止和速度的选择等控制操作。步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件,在非超载的情况下,电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数,而不受负载变化的影响,即给电机加一个脉冲信号,电机则转过一个步矩角。这一线性关系的存在,加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点,使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变得非常简单。自动送料装置的设计主要是:导轨的设计、选择与验算,滚珠丝杠的设计、选择与验算,电机的选择和验算。X-Y工作台,通常由导轨座、移动滑块、工作台、滚珠丝杠螺母副以及步进电机等部件构成。其中步进电机做执行元件用来驱动滚珠丝杠,滚珠丝杠螺母带动滑块和工作台在导轨上运动,完成工作台在X、Y方向的直线移动。导轨副、滚珠丝杠螺母副和步进电机等均已标准化,由专门厂家生产,设计时只需根据工作载荷选取即可。通过该设计来完成系统的机械传动以及工作套在X-Y方向的移动,而自动送料装置的设计与该控制系统的设计的相互结合,就完成了普通冲床的自动送料装置的自动化改造。
关键词:单片机控制;自动送料装置;冲床改造; X-Y工作台
Abstract
Stamping parts stamping formation has the advantages of lightweight, thin, good rigidity and stable quality stamping equipment iswidely used. On the basis of summed up the general press feeding equipment and systems for power digital punch feeders automated transformation of the design process are discussed in the article.
Control system design is the use of SCM AT89C52 through the program control XY direction two stepper motor driven ball screw agencies and the table coordination, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic feeding, and by means of keyboard and LCD to complete the start movement, stop and speed of the chose and other control operations.The stepper motor is the electrical pulses into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop control components in the case of non-overload, the motor speed, the stop position depends only on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal,without the impact of load changes,a pulse signal to the motor plus,the motor is turned one step angle.The existence of this linear relationship, And the stepper motor are only have periodic errorwithout accumulated error characteristics, making in the speed, position etc control field use the stepper motor is becomingvery simple.Automatic feeding device design is:rail design,selecting and checking;design, choice and checking of the ball screw; selection and checking of the motor.X-Y table:usually constitute by the rail seat, move the slider, table, the ball screw nut and the stepper motor and other components.The stepper motor as the actuator used to drive the ball screw, ball screw driven the movement of the slider and the table on the rail, to complete the linear movement of the table in the X, Y directions.The guideway, ball screw nut and stepper motors have been standardized.Production by specialized manufacturers,you can only need to according to select by theworking loadwhen in the design.Through the design to complete the system of mechanical transmission, aswell as table moves in the XY direction,the design of the automatic feeding device and the control system design combinedwith each other to complete the automated transformation of the automatic feeding device in the general press.
Keywords: MCU control;Automatic feeding device; Punch transformation; X-Y table
目录
1绪论1
1.1问题提出的背景、目的和意义1
1.2自动送料技术国内发展概况及发展趋势1
2系统的总体设计2
2.1系统的组成2
2.2方案的确定2
2.2.1专用数控系统2
2.2.2继电接触器控制2
2.2.3PLC控制方式3
2.2.4单片机控制3
3机械部分设计3
3.1确定系统脉冲当量4
3.2工作台外形尺寸及重量初步计算4
3.3滚动导轨副的计算、选择5
3.3.1导轨的组成种类及应满足的要求5
3.3.2导轨材料的选择与热处理6
3.3.3滚动导轨副的计算、选型7
3.4滚珠丝杠计算、选择9
3.4.1丝杠的介绍9
3.4.2滚珠丝杠副的计算13
3.5步进电机的计算选择18
3.5.1步进电机驱动器的原理与参数的设定18
3.5.2步进电机启动转矩的计算[8] 20
3.5.3步进电机的控制方式22
4硬件系统的详细设计24
4.1驱动器的连接与参数的设定24
4.2 AT89C52单片机的工作原理24
4.2.1AT89C52单片机概述25
4.2.2引脚说明25
4.2.3时钟电路27
4.2.4复位电路28
4.2.5步进电机的驱动电路设计[16] 29
4.3显示电路及控制按键的设计30
4.3.1显示电路30
4.3.2键盘模块的设计31
4.4单片机软件设计33
4.4.1系统软件设计的基本原则33
4.4.2主程序的设计33
4.4.3显示子程序的设计35
(2)LCD1602液晶显示流程36
4.4.4键盘子程序的设计36
4.4.5驱动程序流程图37
4.4.6调速程序流程图38
系统原理图40
5结论41
谢辞42
参考文献43
附录I 44
程序44
流程图
丝杠
2设计所包含文件
3目录
4字数
1摘要
申明:内容来自用户上传,著作权归原作者所有,如涉及侵权问题,请与我们联系,我们将及时处理!