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白菜收获机的设计与研究含21张CAD图+说明书

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白菜收获机的设计与研究
摘要
近些年以来我国大型白菜农业种植收获方式由分散向多个基地逐步集中,耕作管理方式也由原来的基地粗放型逐渐转向精细型,在白菜种植收获过程中会经常用到拖拉机进行快速翻地、耕地、起垄等作业。但是,我国现代蔬菜种植生产收过程的机械化技术水平却依旧落后,同时国内对蔬菜种植生产与收获过程机械的深入研究也是非常少。现阶段我国白菜生产和收获的方式依旧是需要大量农业畜力和其他人工劳动作业,这就必然使得农业劳动力生产成本在我国白菜生产中占有较大的占用比重,影响经济效益。本文的目的是要针对现阶段白菜种植的实际情况，改良白菜收获机的个别机构，从而提高收获机的工作效率，减少成本。
目前国内外对白菜收获机构的研究较少，所以本课题主要参照现有的甘蓝收获机和甜菜收获机来设计。本文设计希望能够通过研究白菜收获机的发展趋势，并结合当前国内典型的甘蓝收获机的装置结构进行研究展开。通过借鉴现有机型的设计优点改进设计出相关新机型的雏形，按照构想设计出一款能够实现一次性实现切根、拾取、升运等工作的机型。
通过对比国内各机型的机构部件设计，综合其优点，以希望实现提高白菜收获效率的目标。该课题具体目标如下：通过减少人力辅助强度、同时减轻白菜破损程度，从而提高白菜收获质量。目前国内白菜收获机的作业效率已经满足了小型种植户的需求，但距离生产收获全自动化的要求依旧相差甚远。因此要想实现白菜大规模的收获，全自动机械化机型的发展势在必行。

关键词：白菜收获机；结构设计；提升运输机构；柔性夹持装置；
英文摘要

Design and research of Chinese cabbage harvester
Abstract
In recent years, the planting and harvesting methods of large-scale Chinese cabbage agriculture in China have been gradually centralized from scattered to multiple bases, and the cultivation and management methods have also been gradually transformed from extensive base to fine base. In the process of Chinese cabbage planting and harvesting, tractors are often used to carry out rapid land turning, plowing and ridging.However, the mechanization technology level of modern vegetable planting, production and harvesting process in China is still backward, and at the same time, the in-depth research on vegetable planting, production and harvesting process machinery is very few in China.At the present stage, the production and harvest of Chinese cabbage is still in need of a large number of agricultural livestock and other manual labor operations, which will inevitably make the cost of agricultural labor in the production of Chinese cabbage occupies a large proportion, affecting economic benefits.The purpose of this paper is to improve the individual mechanism of Chinese cabbage harvester according to the actual situation of Chinese cabbage planting at the present stage, so as to improve the working efficiency of Chinese cabbage harvester and reduce the cost.
At present, there are few researches on Chinese cabbage harvesting institutions at home and abroad, so this topic mainly refers to the existing cabbage harvester and beet harvester to design.The paper aims to study the development trend of cabbage harvester and the device structure of typical cabbage harvester in China.By drawing on the design advantages of the existing models to improve the design of the relevant new models of the prototype, according to the plan to design a one-time implementation of root cutting, picking, lifting and other work of the model.
By comparing the design of mechanism components of various models in China, and synthesizing their advantages, we hope to achieve the goal of improving the harvest efficiency of Chinese cabbage.The specific objectives of this project are as follows: to improve the harvest quality of Chinese cabbage by reducing the intensity of human assistance and reducing the degree of breakage of Chinese cabbage.At present, the operating efficiency of Chinese cabbage harvester has met the needs of small-scale farmers, but it is still far from the requirements of full automation of production and harvest.Therefore, if large-scale harvest of cabbage is to be realized, the development of fully automatic and mechanized models is imperative.

Keywords: Chinese cabbage harvester;Structural design; Lifting transport mechanism；Flexible clamping device;

目录
1引言1
1.1白菜收获机的应用前景1
1.2白菜收获机的研究现状2
1.2.1国外研究现状2
1.2.2国内研究现状3
1.3大白菜的物理特性5
2技术任务书6
2.1白菜收获机的结构与工作原理6
2.1.1白菜收获机的组成6
2.1.2白菜收获机基本工作原理6
2.2白菜收获机的关键技术6
2.2.1扶正机构6
2.2.2提升运输机构7
3设计计算说明书7
3.1总体方案设计7
3.1.1白菜收获机总体简介7
3.1.2提升运输装置简介8
3.1.3输送机构简介8
3.2主要机构的设计9
3.2.1切削机构的设计9
3.2.1.1切削刀的工作情况9
3.2.1.2切削刀的选用9
3.2.1.3刀片的设计9
3.2.1.4刀片的选材10
3.2.1.5压刀板和刀杆的设计10
3.2.2锁紧机构的设计10
3.2.2.1锁紧机构工作原理分析10
3.2.2.2斜楔的设计11
3.2.2.3滑动块的设计12
3.2.2.4导轨的设计13
3.2.3防松装置的设计14
3.2.3.1压块的设计14
3.2.3.2开槽体和支架的设计15
3.2.3.3防松柱销的设计15
3.2.3.4螺纹空管的设计15
3.2.3.5手柄的设计15
3.2.3.6弹簧固定杆的设计16
3.2.3.7弹簧的选材16
3.2.4提升运输装置主要零部件的设计16
3.2.4.1机架的设计16
3.2.4.2夹持输送装置设计计算17
3.2.4.3夹持张紧机构的设计21
3.2.4.4夹持装置传动系统的设计24
3.2.4.5夹持皮带轴的设计计算27
3.2.4.6皮带轴强度校核29
3.2.4.7端盖的设计32
3.2.4.8支承轴的设计32
3.2.5输送机构的设计33
3.2.5.1输送机构的组成33
3.2.5.2输送带速的确定34
3.2.5.3张紧装置的设计34
3.2.5.4滚筒的设计35
3.2.5.5输送带的选取36
3.2.5.6支承轴的设计36
3.2.5.7滑架的设计38
3.2.5.8机架的设计39
3.2.5.9支撑板的设计39
4使用说明书40
结论41
参考文献42
致谢44