0装配图
目录
摘要1
绪论4
1.课题论证4
1.1机车轴承座自动上下料专用机构结构设计研究的目的与意义4
1.2文献综述4
1.2.1国外发展现状4
1.2.2国内发展现状4
第1章自动上下料机构的设计6
第2章机械手总体设计7
2.1手臂设计7
2.1.1夹紧液压缸的计算7
2.1.2升降液压缸计算8
2.1.3回转液压缸计算10
2.2机身其他部位计算11
2.2.1移动缸计算11
2.2.2齿轮轴计算13
2.2.3滑板计算: 15
2.2.4导轨计算: 17
2.3机械手手部计算19
2.3.1手部选型19
2.3.2计算手指夹紧力19
2.2.3计算手指驱动力19
2.3.4手部结构强度校核20
第3章液压传动系统简单说明23
3.1本次设计液压系统组成: 23
3.2液压缸结构设计: 23
3.3设计参数24
3.3.1确定机械手的动作顺序24
3.3.2主要设计参数确定25
3.4辅助设备的选择25
3.4.1油管及接头配件25
3.4.2机油滤清器25
3.4.3存油的油箱26
结束语26
参考文献与附录27
摘要
本设计主题是一种用于机车轴承座自动装卸的特殊机制。工业水平日渐上升并不断提高,工业生产趋于自动化。,解放人力的同时又带来许多机遇,在这个阶段,自动化生产显然已经成为人类追求的目标,并且现在已经慢慢实现,出来了许多机器人,如汽车加工中的机械手,本次设计也是一类机械手机器人,主要作用于机车轴承座生产中实现工件的自动上下料,翻转等一系列的动作,在加工过程中实现自动化生产。
本次设计的过程中所要完成的任务很多,要绘制该机械手的总体装配图及部装图和非标零件图,同时还要整理所设计部分的计算说明书。
设计时,首先要选择机械手的驱动方式,这里我选择液压系统驱动,因为该机械手是4自由度的机械手,4个自由度分别为夹紧/松开,升降和回转。因此,夹紧液压缸,提升液压缸和旋转液压缸的设计。
所以该机械手不但满足这4个自由的动作,它还可以确保可靠抓取,平稳灵活的传送以及准确的定位。同时还要进行液压系统的简单设计,液压系统的优势非常明显,体积小,重量轻;高刚性,高精度和快速响应;驱动力大,适合直接驱动重物;速度范围宽,速度控制方式多样;自润滑,自冷却,寿命长;容易实现安全保护。
设计的目的是在满足要求的前提下尽可能的符合实际的工作情况和安全情况,在工作车间的工作状况会导致某些动作的危险,还要考虑到机械手的成本,所以要从结构设计和运动学分析上解决问题,以实现本次设计的最终要求。
关键词:自动上下料;机械手;液压系统。
Abstract
This design theme is a special mechanism for automatic loading and unloading of locomotive bearing seats. With the continuous improvement of industrial level, industrial production tends to be automated. At the same time, the liberation of manpower brings many opportunities. At this stage, automated production has obviously become the goal pursued by mankind, and has now been slowly realized. Many robots, such as robots in automobile processing, have come out. The manipulator robot is mainly used to realize the automatic loading and unloading and turning of the workpiece in the production of locomotive bearing seats, and to realize automatic production during the processing process.
There are many tasks to be completed in the design process. The general assembly drawing, part assembly drawing and non-standard part drawing of the manipulator must be drawn. At the same time, the calculation instructions of the designed part must be collated.
When designing, we must first select the driving method of the manipulator. Here I choose the hydraulic system to drive, because the manipulator is a 4 degree of freedom manipulator, and the 4 degrees of freedom are clamping / unclamping, lifting and rotating. Therefore, the design of clamping hydraulic cylinder, lifting hydraulic cylinder and rotating hydraulic cylinder.
Therefore, the manipulator not only satisfies these four free movements, it can also ensure reliable grasping, smooth and flexible transmission and accurate positioning. At the same time, a simple design of the hydraulic system is also required. The hydraulic system is a little obvious, small and light; large rigidity, high precision and fast response; large driving force, suitable for direct driving of heavy loads; wide speed range, speed control mode Diversity; self-lubrication, self-cooling and long life; easy to achieve safety protection.
The purpose of the design is to conform to the actual working conditions and safety conditions as much as possible on the premise of meeting the requirements. The working conditions in the workshop will cause certain actions to be dangerous. The cost of the manipulator must also be considered. Kinematics analysis to solve the problem to achieve the final requirements of this design.
Keywords: manipulator; automatic loading and unloading; hydraulic system.
绪论
课题论证
1.1机车轴承座自动上下料专用机构结构设计研究的目的与意义
随着中国工业化的飞速发展,自动化程度迅速提高,并且工件装卸和运输的自动化受到越来越多的关注。工业生产中应用的机械手被称作工业机械手。在实际生产中提高了生产水平和生产率;劳动强度显着减轻,产品质量得到了保证,并且实现了安全生产。
1.2文献综述
1.2.1国外发展现状
上世纪40年代,美国在原子能实验中用机械手搬运放射性材料,50年代初,机械手被广泛应用,但更多用于人类不能工作的工作环境中,如高温和污染严重的环境中,一直到60年代第一台工业机械手才别制造出来,但此机械手主要用于车床中,70年代,机械手才在工业中推广起来,并逐步实现商品化,进入到20世纪90年代,出现了能实现更多复杂动作的机械手,以此来满足工作需求,但一些复杂的操作就需要有一定智能的机械手来参与工作,所以偏智能的机械手迅速发展,并且国外的机械手向着智能方向不断的进步和发展。
机车轴承座
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