五轴联动铣床加工中心机床设计-五轴联动小型数控铣床结构（含三维SW模型）

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五轴联动小型数控铣床结构设计与加工仿真
摘要
随着生物医疗器械、微电子、国防及航空航天等对微小型复杂零件需求的增加，采用传统机床难以经济、高效地满足微小零件的加工需求，需要多轴联动的小型数控机床来满足这些微小复杂零件的加工需求。本设计在对目前微小型多轴联动机床调研分析基础上，设计了一款具有B/C回转轴的五轴联动数控铣床，基于有限元分析软件分析了结构特性，并开展了数控加工仿真。设计的主要内容如下：
（1）通过对现有多轴联动数控机床结构布局方案的对比分析，以小型化和轻量化为目标，设计了一款具有B/C回转轴的小型五轴联动数控铣床，可实现140×140×130mm零件加工。基于SoildWorks建立了该小型数控铣床的三维数字化模型，给出了机床传动系统设计计算过程，包括滚珠丝杠、直线导轨、伺服电机、铣削用电主轴、力矩电机及数控转台等的选型计算。
（2）基于ANSYS有限元软件，对该五轴联动小型数控铣床的整机结构进行了静力学分析，从结构重量、变形、固有频率与振型等方面，对机床的初步结构方案进行设计分析，通过分析比较最终确定出该机床的基座和立柱的筋板合理布局。
（3）基于UG/NX10.0建立了叶轮加工模型，通过设定加工条件生成叶轮的加工工序进行刀轨数据；基于UG/Post Builder10.0后处理构造器，开发了该小型五轴联动数控铣床的后处理程序，通过设定机床和刀轨参数，并将生成的叶轮加工刀轨数据转换成NC程序。
（4）基于VERICUT软件建立了该五轴联动数控铣床的加工仿真系统，可以实现该机床虚拟数控加工仿真分析。以叶轮加工为例，将生成好的NC加工程序输入到该仿真系统，实现了叶轮仿真加工，确保加工过程无过切和欠切，保证NC程序正确的同时，验证了后处理器的可靠性。
关键词：五轴联动数控铣床，小型机床，有限元分析，后处理器，数控加工仿真

Structural Design and Machining Practice of Five-axis CNC Milling Machine
ABSTRACT
With the increasing demand for micro and small complex parts for biological medical devices, microelectronics, national defense and aerospace, it is difficult to meet the processing needs economically and efficiently by using traditional machine tools. Based on the investigation and analysis of micro and small multi-axis linkage machine tools in the current research field, this thesis designs a five-axis CNC milling machine with B/C rotary axis, analyzes its structural characteristics. The main contents of the graduation project are as follows:
(1) Through the comparative analysis of the existing multi-axis CNC machine tool structure layout, aiming at miniaturization and lightweight, a small five-axis CNC milling machine structure with B/C rotary axis is designed, which can realize the processing of 140×140 ×130mm parts.Based on SoildWorks, the 3d digital model of the small CNC milling machine is established, and the design and calculation process of the transmission system of the machine is given, including the selection and calculation of the ball screw, rolling guide rail, servo motor, spindle, torque motor and CNC turntable, etc.
(2) Based on ANSYS, the static and modal analysis of the important parts of the machine tool are carried out. According to the analysis results, the original structure is modified and optimized from three aspects of weight, deformation and modal analysis.
(3) The impeller machining model was established based on UG/NX10.0, and the machining process of impeller was generated and processed by setting machining conditions.Based on UG/Post Builder10.0 postprocessing constructor, the postprocessing program of the five-axis CNC milling machine was developed, the parameters of the machine tool and the tool rail were set, and the generated data of the impeller machining tool rail was converted into NC program.
(4) Build a five-axis machining simulation system based on VERICUT software. The simplified processing and kinematic analysis of the designed machine tool model were carried out, and finally the NC program was used to simulate the machining of the impeller to ensure that the machining process was free from over-cutting and under-cutting. The machined surface is analyzed to ensure the correct operation of NC program.
KEY WORDS: Five-axis CNC milling machine, miniaturized machine tool, finite element analysis, post-processor, CNC machining simulation

目录
第1章绪论1
1.1研究背景及意义1
1.2五轴机床的发展现状1
1.3后处理技术的研究现状5
1.4设计（）整体思路5
第2章小型五轴数控机铣床的结构设计7
2.1机床结构布局方案确定7
2.2机床的基本结构设计8
2.3机床驱动传动部件的选型计算10
2.3.1.滚珠丝杠选型计算10
2.3.2.电机选型计算14
2.3.3直线滑轨选型计算19
2.3.4其余零部件22
2.4本章小结22
第3章五轴机床结构方案分析23
3.1有限元软件简介23
3.2方案对比的流程23
3.3模型的简化24
3.4分析准备25
3.4.1.模型导入25
3.4.2.材料的选择及网格的划分25
3.4.3.边界条件的确定26
3.5方案分析结果对比27
3.5.1底座方案分析28
3.5.2立柱的方案分析32
3.6经济性分析33
3.7本章小结34
第4章五轴机床加工仿真35
4.1毛坯建立35
4.2基于UG的数控编程和后置处理35
4.2.1 UG CAM下的叶轮加工模块35
4.2.2刀轨数据生成36
4.3基于UG/Post Builder的后处理程序构建39
4.3.1机床参数设置39
4.3.3基于后置处理器的刀轨代码生成43
4.4基于VERICUT的加工仿真43
4.4.1机床模型组建43
4.4.2加工刀具设置44
4.4.3干涉及行程检查设置45
4.4.4建立仿真加工环境并虚拟加工46
4.5本章小结47
第5章总结与展望49
5.1全文总结49
5.2展望49
参考文献51
致谢53

第1章绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
五轴联动数控机床是一种科技含量高、加工精度高的专门用于加工复杂空间曲面的机床。五轴联动机床系统对一个国家的航天、航空、军事、精密器械、高精医疗设备等行业，有着非同传统机床的巨大影响力。
五轴联动数控机床是指在一台机床上至少有5个坐标轴，通常为3个直线运动坐标（X，Y，Z）和两个旋转运动坐标（A，B，C）。五轴机床各个坐标轴协调运动，共同完成空间曲面的加工。根据机械有关知识，重新夹装被加工件，对夹具要求很高。如果加工零件多次装夹，需要重新寻找基准坐标，这样做会影响后续加工精度，带来不可避免的误差。用五轴联动机床一次装夹定位后可以在有效行程内完成多个面位的加工，对于少于五面位的零件能一次装夹完成加工。所以说，五轴联动数控机床也是目前用来解决空间曲线复杂的零件加工[2]。人们在设计、制造复杂曲面遇到无法解决的难题,就会利用五轴加工技术解决。比如叶轮、叶片等复杂的零部件。
随着数控技术的发展，一方面，在生物医学，航空航天，计算机技术等多个重要领域对于小型复杂零件的需求越来越多，对零件的加工精度要求也日

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