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五轴联动数控铣床的设计（含三维SW+CAD图纸+说明书）

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本文设计了一台五轴联动机床主轴模型，在XY工作台的基础上叠加两层托板，步进电动机带动轴使其做旋转运动，构成类似陀螺仪的结构。分别实现工作台绕XY轴的转动和移动，再沿Z轴装配一根丝杠完成工作台沿Z轴的上下运动最终实现刀具向各个面进行加工。
主要完成了：模型整体结构设计，各个轴的结构设计及计算、滚珠丝杠、轴承和直线滚动导轨的选择及其强度分析；步进电机的选择及分析。

关键词：数控；五轴联动；丝杠传动

Abstract
Now, the ordinary three axis NC machine tool can not meet the higher requirements of the processing parts. With the development of technology, more and more countries have begun to focus on research and use of five axis CNC machine tools. Five axis linkage CNC machine tool is a manufacturing technology of CNC machine tools, and is the most difficult and the most widely used technology in the numerical control technology. Five axis machining center with high efficiency, high precision features. If the five axis linkage of high-end CNC system, but also to the complex space surface for high precision machining, more able to adapt to such as automotive parts, aircraft structural parts and other modern mold processing. International five axis linkage processing technology as a symbol of the level of industrialization of the country. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the technology of five axis linkage. The manipulator designed in this paper using cylindrical coordinates, can finish feeding, turning and other functions. Mainly by the manipulator hand, wrist, arm and body parts, with rotating wrists, arms stretching, arm movements and arm rotation of 4 degrees of freedom, can meet the general requirements of the industry. The manipulator is a hydraulic drive, 4 degrees of freedom and the clamping gripper driven by the hydraulic system, the design and implementation of various provisions of manipulator motion control, to simplify the circuit, save cost, improve work efficiency, improve productivity, at the same time in the circuit layout and planning combined with machinery manufacturing base, with asphalt manufacturing the feasibility of constantly making and circuit layout into a spatial structure, the structure of the manipulator is more concise and compact.
This paper designed a five-axis machine tool spindle model, based on the XY table overlay two pallets, stepper motor drive shaft rotation to do so constitutes a similar gyro structure. Were achieved around the XY axis rotating table and move along the Z axis and then complete the table assembly of a screw up and down movement along the Z axis to the ultimate realization of the various surface processing tool.
Main completed: overall structural design model, each shaft structure design and calculation, ball screws, bearings and linear motion guide the choice and strength analysis; stepper motor selection and analysis.

Key Words：NC; five-axis linkage; screw drive

目录
摘要................................................................................................................................I Abstract..........................................................................................................................II
摘要I
第一章绪论1
1.1课题研究背景与意义1
1.2国内外发展现状1
1.2.1国外发展状况1
1.2.1国内发展状况2
1.3五轴联动数控机床的结构类型3
1.4本文的研究目的及主要工作5
第二章总体设计6
2.1设计要求6
2.2主要技术参数6
2.3总体方案设计6
2.4本章小结7
第三章进给传动系统的设计8
3.1滚珠丝杠传动系统工作原理8
3.2垂直方向传动系统设计10
3.2.1Z方向滚珠丝杠的选择和校核10
3.2.2Z方向导轨的选择11
3.2.3Z方向装配图13
3.3X、Y方向传动系统的设计14
3.3.1滚珠丝杠的选型14
3.3.2直线导轨设计15
3.3.3联轴器的选型16
3.3.4装配模型17
3.4本章小结17
第四章电机的选型18
4.1步进电机介绍18
4.2参数计算18
4.2.1转速与功率18
4.2.2相关参数的确定19
4.3型号的确定19
4.3.1脉冲当量的选择19
4.3.2等效负载转矩的计算19
4.3.3等效转动惯量的计算20
4.3.4步进电动机型号选择的计算20
4.4本章小结23
第五章其他关键部件的设计24
5.1床身（底座）的设计24
5.2立柱设计24
5.3工作台的设计25
5.3.1尺寸确定及估算25
5.3.2绕轴旋转的设计25
5.4装配总图26
5.5本章小结26
结论27
参考文献28
致谢30

第一章绪论
1.1课题研究背景与意义
自2002年以来，中国已成为世界机床消费第一大进口国，出口逆差严重，高档，大型，精密，高速数控机床和数控系统进口依赖是比较明显的。同时，随着科学技术的飞速发展，普通的三轴数控机床不能满足人工们加工零件工作，人们提出零件加工的更高要求。目前，中国进口高档，大型，精密和高速数控机床的73％以上，中国汽车制造装备的83％以上，汽车发动机生产线的比例85％以上依赖进口，并在高档数控机床采用的数控系统几乎是百分之百依赖进口。
长期以来，西方发达国家一直把五轴联动数控技术作为重要战略物资控制起来出口，发展中国家在五轴联动机床的开发和推出两个方面遇到了很大的阻力，因此研究五轴联动技术，对提高国家的综合国力影响深远。