牛场自动化养殖系统设计

A0-带式输送机结构图

摘要

在科学技术迅猛发展的现代，信息技术、电子技术、机械工程都在不断地融合，逐渐发展变得微型便捷并且实现了自动化。发展至今，自动喂料也融入了自动化元素，并且得到了广泛的应用。这种自动投料装置实现了牛场设备自动化，能有效帮助饲养者自动控制投料机，甚至可以自动控制，真正的实现自动化。
本设计是采用单片机作为控制核心，自行设计自动投料装置的机械和电子部分，主要实现投料的自动控制，利用家庭用电对整个系统进行供电，省去人力物力和时间。因为现今市场的竞争日益激烈，产品也因此越来越快地不断更新换代，人们对于自动化产品的需求愈来愈多，而现有人工喂养成本高，因此完成此装置的自动控制及半自动控制部分的设计是十分必要的。
该装置主要是通过单片机控制电动机带动传送带，实现物料传送；电动机利用单片机控制，同时利用压力传感器对料斗所剩物料的压力进行感应，使单片机对投料机进行投料控制。
1.电动机带动转轴转动时的齿轮传动的设计，包括电动机的选型，轴的设计以及支承轴的选择；
2.单片机的选型及程序的编写，控制电路的设计；
3.压力传感器的选型以及电路的设计；
4.由于要使用家庭用电对整个用电系统供电，因而要选择稳定的电压提供合适的电压；
5.利用相关软件绘制系统的电路图和机械装配图；
6.减速箱体的设计以及轴系零部件的设计和计算。

关键词：自动投料；单片机；压力传感器；齿轮传动；

Abstract

In a modern times with the rapid development of science and technology, information technology, electronic technology, mechanical engineering is in constant fusion, gradually become tiny convenient and realize automation. In today's world, shutter curtain also blended in element of automation, and has been made extensive use. This automatic shutter device makes the home automation come true , it can effectively help users to use the remote control shutter, even automatically lifting, anti-theft, shading, etc.
This design is to use single chip microcomputer as control core, designed automatic shutter device of mechanical and electronic parts, mainly realize the shutter automatically, the whole system to make use of solar panels power supply, save because of the space position caused by external factors, such as manual pull a curtain for the inconvenience. As Competition is more and more keen in today's market, continuously updated product and therefore more and more quickly, people demand for automation products more and more, and the cost of the existing electric shutter is high, and they need family circuit for power source, Its consumption of electricity is tremendous. So it is very necessary to complete the device of automatic control and semi-automatic control part of the design.
The device is mainly by single chip microcomputer control motor drives the rotating reel, to make the the shutter rise and fall; Motor using single chip microcomputer control, at the same time, photoelectric sensor is used to analyse the intensity of the light sensor, single chip microcomputer to control the elevator shutter. Besides using infrared controller control, allowing users to within 10 meters distances indoors for remote control shutter. The emphasis is on:
1. The motor drives the scroll turns of gear transmission design, including the selection of motor, the choice of the design of the shaft and supporting shaft;
2. MCU selection and the writing of the program, the design of the control circuit;
3. Photoelectric sensor selection and circuit design;
4. The design of the infrared control circuit;
5. Due to the use of solar panels to power the entire system, thus to select solar panels;
6. Use of related software rendering system circuit diagram and mechanical assembly drawing.

Key words:The automatic feeding ；Single chip microcomputer； Pressure sensor；Gear transmission ；

目录

摘要I
Abstract II

第1章概述1
1.1研究背景1
1.2自动投料的主要功能1
1.3现有的自动投料装置1
1.3.1自动投料装置的发展2
1.3.2自动投料装置分析2
1.2本文的主要研究内容2
1.3本章小结3
第2章自动传送装置概述4
2.1自动传送装置的设计目标4
2.2装置的总体设计4
2.3自动传送装置的控制原理4
2.3.1自动传送装置的工作原理5
2.3.2自动传送装置的主要组成部件6
2.4自动传送装置的技术参数6
2.5本章小结6
第3章电气控制电路设计7
3.1单片机控制核心电路7
3.1.1单片机的硬件特性7
3.1.2单片机控制电路7
图3-1单片机机控制电路9
3.2电器控制外围电路设计10
3.2.1传感器电路10
3.2.2复位电路10
3.2.3电源电路11
3.2.4红外线控制电路12
3.2.5步进电机控制电路13
3.2.6放大滤波电路14
3.2.7 AD转换电路15
3.3系统的软件部分设计16
3.3.1步进电机工作流程16
3.3.2单片机运行逻辑图18
3.3.3 AD转换程序设计18
3.4本章小结19
第4章机械结构设计19
4.1自动传送装置电动机的选型20
4.1.1二相混合式步进电动机20
4.1.2两相步进电机的基本参数21
4.2齿轮传动设计22
4.3轴系零部件的设计计算28
4.3.1从动轴的设计计算28
4.3.2轴承的选择及校核30
4.3.3键的选择计算及校核31
4.3.4联轴器的选择31
4. 4减速器箱体的设计32
4. 5传送转轴的设计计算33
4. 6本章小结34
结论35
附录1 37
附录2 39
附录3 41
致谢44

A1-电气电路大图

A3-过渡托辊组

A3-平行下托辊