大型食品真空冷冻干燥设备的设计（含CAD图纸+说明书）

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本文介绍了ZLG-50型试验用真空冷冻干燥机的工作原理、结构特点、设计计算。ZLG-50型冻干机是冻干分离型。本机具有加热和制冷的功能。能对物料进行干燥。它由干燥箱、水汽凝结器（捕水器）、加热系统、真空系统、制冷系统和电气控制系统六大部件组成。设计的主要部分是干燥箱、水汽凝结器（捕水器）、真空系统和制冷系统。冻干箱中设工件架，工件架上设有搁板，用来搁置冻干的物料。冻干箱工作温度范围20℃~100℃左右。水汽凝结器用来凝结物料升华产生的水汽，用接管和冻干箱相连。制冷循环一般为双级压缩式，制冷系统中涉及热力膨胀阀和电磁截止阀，分别通向干燥仓和捕水器，电磁截止阀相互连锁，一个开启时，两一个关闭状态。真空系统包括冻干箱，捕水器和真空管道，选择真空泵，选罗茨泵为主泵，次级泵为旋叶泵。加热系统，冻干箱的隔板的升温采用加热器对热媒（水)进行直接加热，利用循环泵将热水打入到搁板中进行加热。

Design of Large Food Vacuum Freeze Drying Equipment
Abstract
Vacuum freeze-drying is a kind of dry method，which is to freeze the object below the eutectic point temperature，then pass the sublimation to obviate the moisture from the object under the condition of higher vacuum. With the development of refrigeration，vacuum，biology，electronics，etc. Now vacuum freeze-drying equipments have already applied to the realms extensively，such as medical science，biology，pharmacy and agriculture，etc.，so far they still apply to the molecular biology，genetic engineering， new biomedical science， new type Chinese herbal medicine，high-quality convenient food，arch ecology and the powder material manufacturing etc. Researches on the function of vacuum freeze-drying equipment have already caused the extensive interest and value.
This article describes the ZLG-50 type test with the principle of vacuum freeze-drying machine， structural features, design calculations. ZLG-50 -type freeze dryer is freeze-dried separation type . This machine has a heating and cooling functions. The material can be dried . It consists of drying， water vapor condenser ( water trap )， heating system, vacuum system， cooling system and electrical control system is composed of six parts . The main part of the design is the oven, vapor condenser ( water trap )， vacuum systems and refrigeration systems. Lyophilized box set workpiece holder, workpiece holder has a shelf to hold lyophilized material . Lyophilized box Operating temperature range 20 ℃ ~ 100 ℃ or so. Condensation is used to condense the water vapor produced by the sublimation of the material connected with the takeover and freeze boxes. Refrigeration cycle is generally a two-stage compression refrigeration system involves thermal expansion valve and solenoid valve, respectively, leading to the drying compartment and catch water， solenoid shut-off valve interlock with each other， when one opens, twenty-one off. Vacuum systems include freeze-dried container， water trap and vacuum， select pumps, Roots pumps selected based pumps, rotary vane pump for the secondary pump . Heating system, the separator tank lyophilized using a heater to heat a heating medium ( water ) for the direct heating， hot water into the circulation pump in the heating to a shelf .

Keywords：Freeze-drying；Performance；Structure；Design ；目录
1绪论1
1.1选择课题的背景1
1.2冻干机的发展历史和国内外的发展概况1
1.2.1国外冻干机的发展概况1
1.2.2我国冻干机的发展概况2
1.3真空冷冻干燥技术原理3
1.4真空冷冻干燥食品的特点4
1.5真空冷冻干燥食品加工生产流4
1.6大型食品冷冻干燥机的研究现状5
1.7大型食品冷冻干燥机的发展前景6
1.8冻干机的应用领域6
1.8.1在医药、医疗方面的应用7
1.8.2在食品工业中的应用7
1.9本章小结7
2冻干机总体设计8
2.1冻干机的分类8
2.2真空冷冻干燥设备的工作原理及组成8
2.2.1真空冷冻干燥设备的工作原理8
2.2.2真空冷冻干燥设备的组成8
2.3课题的研究内容9
2.4拟采用的研究的方案9
2.5研究的方法及工作原理10
2.6本章小结10
3冻干箱的设计12
3.1冻干箱的箱体设计12
3.2冻干箱的箱门设计13
3.3搁板的结构设计14
3.4冻干箱上的其他部件15
3.5本章小结16
4捕水器的设计17
4.1捕水器的要求17
4.2捕水器的结构设计17
4.3捕水器的设计计算19
4.4捕水器的工作方式与效率21
4.3本章小结22
5冻干机真空系统的设计23
5.1真空系统设计中应该注意的问题有23
5.2真空抽气系统的设计计算24
5.2.1主泵的选择24
5.2.2主泵抽速大小的确定25
5.3配泵26
5.4验算主泵抽速27
5.5抽气时间计算28
5.6本章小结29
6冻干机加热系统设计30
6.1热源及加热方式30
6.2加热负荷计算30
6.3热媒循环泵的选择30
6.4本章小结31
7冻干机制冷系统设计32
7.1捕水器耗冷量的计算32
7.2制冷系统的设计32
7.3制冷压缩机的选型33
7.4制冷系统的其他元件34
7.5本章小结35
8冻干设备的操作步骤及故障分析处理36
8.1冻干设备的操作步骤36
8.2设备故障的分析及处理36
8.3本章小结37
9节能与环保性分析38
10总结38
参考文献40
致谢41

1绪论
1.1选择课题的背景
真空冷冻干燥(以下简称冻干)是将物体冻结到共晶点温度以下，然后在较高的真空条件下通过升华干燥除去物体中水分的一种干燥方法。真空冷冻干燥技术是随制冷、真空、生物、电子等技术的发展而迅速兴起的多学科综合性应用技术，除了在传统的医学、生物学、药学、农业等领域得到广泛的应用外，目前已向分子生物学、基因工程学、新型生物医学、中药新制剂、高品质方便食品、考古学、粉末材料制造等领域发展。随着我国社会主义市场经济的高速发展和人民生活水平的迅速提高，对冻干技术的应用和冻干产品的需求日益增长。但在我国，冻干技术无论在理论研究还是工艺水平、设备制造等方面与国际水平比较均有很大差距，因而近年来对冻干技术和冻干设备性能的研究已引起广泛的兴趣和重视。我国已生产出多台冻干机，但其性能和功能仍不能满足市场的要求，与国外产品仍有很大的差距。如何缩小差距，使我国生产的冻干机也能走出国门，走向世界，应该是我们真空冷冻干燥研究人员的责任和使命。

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干燥室装配图A0

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