基于单片机的CK6163数控车床控制系统设计+说明书

逐点比较法圆弧插补软件流程图

中文摘要
本文主要是利用单片机对CK6163数控车床的控制系统进行设计，使其能够被改造成现在市场上所需要的经济型车床。本设计的CK6163数控车床，是采用两个步进电机对机床的X轴和Z轴进行进给系统的控制。本设计采用逐点比较法进行直线和圆弧插补，最终能实现对外圆、锥度、螺纹、端面等的自动加工控制，能对纵向和横向进给运动的行程和速度进行自动控制。降低了劳动强度，实现并增强其自动化加工、稳定质量、提高工效和适用性。
依据典型的工艺数据，首先应对系统的机械部分进行必要的设计，包括主传动系统的设计、回转刀架的选择和进给系统的确定等。再对控制部分进行设计，包括通过对电机的选型确定驱动元件，对控制硬件和软件的选择进行电路图的绘制和程序的编写，最终实现车床的自动控制。基于MCS_51单片机对电机的控制系统进行设计，从而实现对整个控制系统的确定设计。
关键词数控机床控制系统步进电机MCS_51单片机
Title Design of CK6163 CNC lathe control system based on Single chip microcomputer
Abstract
This paper mainly uses a single chip microcomputer to design the control system of CK6163 CNC lathe, which can be transformed into the economical lathe that is needed in the market now. The designed CK6163 CNC lathe is controlled by two stepping motors for the X and Z axis of the machine tool. This design USES the straight line and arc interpolation point by point comparison method, finally can realize external circular, taper, screw, end automatic processing control, who will take care of the longitudinal and transverse feed motion stroke and speed for automatic control.It reduces the intensity of labor, realizes and enhances its automation, stability, efficiency and applicability.
Based on typical process data, the first response to the mechanical parts to make the necessary design, including the design of the main transmission system, selection of rotary tool rest and the determination of feed system, etc. Again to design control part, including through the motor selection determine the driving element, the selection of control hardware and software of circuit diagram drawing and writing of the program, finally realizes the automatic control of machine tool. The design of the control system of the motor based on MCS_51 single chip is designed to realize the design of the whole control system.
Key words:CNC machine tools, control systems, stepper motors, single-chip
目录
第1章绪论1
1.1数控车床介绍1
1.2数控车床发展历史和国内发展现状4
1.3本课题的意义5
第2章设计任务与方案确定7
2.1设计内容7
2.2设计技术参数8
2.3数控系统总体方案设计8
第3章纵向进给传动部件的计算和选型10
3.1切削力的计算10
3.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型11
3.2.1精度的选择11
3.2.2丝杠导程的确定11
3.2.3最大工作载荷的计算11
3.2.4最大动载荷的计算12
3.2.5滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型12
3.2.6滚珠丝杠副的支承方式12
3. 3同步带减速机构设计13
3．3．1传动比的确定13
3．3．2传递功率的估算13
3．3．3选择带型和节距14
3．3．4确定带轮齿数和节圆直径14
3.4.本章小结15
第四章伺服系统的设计16
4.1控制系统的选择16
4.2纵向步进电机的计算16
4.2.1纵向步进电机的选择18
4.3横向步进电机的计算19
4.3.1横向步进电机的选择20
4.4本章小结21
第五章控制系统硬件设计22
5.1 MCS_51芯片介绍22
5.1.1.单片机的主要特点24
5.2.2.单片机应用24
5.2 8255A芯片的应用25
5.3单片机I/O扩展电路设计及功能26
5.4光电隔离电路27
5.5键盘功能控制电路27
5.6显示驱动电路29
5.7串口通信接口电路30
5.8其它相关电路31
第六章控制系统软件设计及仿真32
6.1 Keil软件介绍32
6.2 Proteus软件应用32
6.3程序设计及调试32
6.4仿真36
第七章结论38
参考文献39
致谢41

逐点比较法直线软件流程图

程序控制模块图

设计参数

字数统计

设计所包含文件

切削计算

步进机的计算

设计目录

摘要部分