A0固定管板式换热器
F170固定管板式换热器设计
摘要
换热器是实现能量间的传递与转换的设备，通俗讲，就是能量高的流体介质向能量低的进行传递。
固定管板换热器是物料间传热的节能装置。固定管板式换热器作为换热设备之一，具有各种优点与缺点。优点是旁路渗漏流量孝大传热面积、结构简单、制造方便、结构稳固、可靠性高、适用范围广、成本低廉；缺点就是管壳与管壁之间的温差大、管板与管头之间容易产生温差应力、壳侧不可以采用机械清洁、设备的使用寿命相对较低。虽然缺点存在，才能突出优点。管板式换热器就是因为这些优点的存在，才会得到广大人名群众的信赖以及使用。通常情况下，为了节省经济，需要对换热器的强度以及使用寿命格外注意，在设计过程中，就需要设计出最合理的结构；并且在考虑压力、温度、材料、流体性质以及温差等方面的因素下，选择最适合的结构。在设计过程中，也分为管形、管径的设计，换热管排列形式、管程壳程分程设计及进出口设计、折流板的结构设计；在计算方面，换热器的热力计算，稳态传热方程，换热系数、压降等方面的计算，最后还要对换热器的安装与维护。可以了解，换热器的设计是一个复杂的过程。
在实际生产中，每个行业的生产条件各不相同，为能得到合适的设备需要设计出不同形式、结构的换热器。选择适合工况的设备，可以增大经济效益。
关键词：换热器；使用范围；结构设计；强度计算；材料
ABSTRACT
Heat Heat exchanger is a device to transfer and convert energy. Generally speaking, it means that fluid medium with high energy transfers to fluid medium with low energy.
Fixed tubesheet heat exchanger is an energy-saving device for heat transfer between materials. As one of the heat exchange equipments, fixed tube-plate heat exchanger has various advantages and disadvantages. The invention has the advantages of small bypass leakage flow, large heat transfer area, simple structure, convenient manufacture, stable structure, high reliability, wide application range and low cost. Disadvantages are that the temperature difference between the shell and the tube wall is large, the temperature difference stress is easily generated between the tube plate and the tube head, the shell side cannot be cleaned mechanically, and the service life of the equipment is relatively low. Although the shortcomings exist, the advantages can be highlighted. It is because of these advantages that the tube-plate heat exchanger can be trusted and used by the masses. Under normal circumstances, in order to save economy, special attention should be paid to the strength and service life of the heat exchanger. In the design process, the most reasonable structure should be designed. In addition, considering the factors of pressure, temperature, material, fluid property and temperature difference, the most suitable structure is selected. In the design process, it is also divided into the design of pipe shape and pipe diameter, the arrangement form of heat exchange tubes, the split design of shell side and inlet and outlet, and the structural design of baffle plates. In terms of calculation, the thermal calculation of the heat exchanger, the steady heat transfer equation, the calculation of heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and other aspects, and finally the installation and maintenance of the heat exchanger. It can be understood that the design of heat exchanger is a complicated process.
In actual production, the production conditions of each industry are different. In order to obtain suitable equipment, heat exchangers with different forms and structures need to be designed. Selecting equipment suitable for working conditions can increase economic benefits.
Key words: heat exchanger; scope of use; structural design; strength calculation; materials
目录
1前言1
1.1概述1
1.1.1换热器1
1.1.2换热器的类型1
1.1.3固定管板式换热器2
1.2固定管板式换热器设计的目的2
1.3管壳式换热器现今发展情况2
1.4强化换热器传热能力的方法3
1.4.1扩展传热面积3
1.4.2加大传热温差3
1.4.3增强传热系数3
2换热器结构论述4
2.1换热器管形的设计4
2.2换热器管径的设计4
2.3换热管排列形式的设计4
2.4管、壳程分程设计4
2.5折流板的结构设计5
2.6管、壳程进、出口的设计5
2.7选材方法6
2.7.1管壳式换热器的选型6
2.7.2流体空间的选择8
2.7.3流速的选择8
2.7.4材质的选择9
2.7.5管子的排列型式9
3管壳式换热器的热力计算10
3.1确定参数10
3.2稳态传热方程10
3.2.1热负荷11
3.2.2总传热系数11
3.2.3总传热面积12
3.2.4平均温差12
3.3结构初步设计12
3.4管程换热系数计算13
3.5壳程换热系数计算13
3.6管壁温度计算14
3.7管程压降计算15
3.8壳程压降计算16
4换热器的结构设计17
4.1换热器壳体壁厚计算17
4.2换热器封头的选择17
4.3容器法兰的选择18
4.4管板19
4.5计算是否安装膨胀节19
4.6折流板设计20
5强度压力计算和校核22
5.1壳体厚度校核22
5.2管子拉脱力校核23
5.3开孔补强的计算24
6换热器的维护26
6.1换热器的防腐26
6.2换热器的使用及注意事项26
小结27
参考文献28
致谢29
设计所包含文件
字数统计
垫片 a4
管束a1
右端管板a1
左侧管箱 a2
浮动管板 a2
鞍座 a2
折流板a3
管板a1
