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汽车五档变速器设计
摘要:汽车变速器,是一套用于来协调发动机的转速和车轮的实际行驶速度的变速装置,用于发挥发动机的最佳性能。变速器可以在汽车行驶过程中,在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比,通过换挡可以使发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。
本设计的任务是设计一台用于轿车上的机械式手动五档变速器。这台变速器具有五个前进档(包括一个超速档五档)和一个倒档,并通过锁环式同步器来实现换档。本设计采用中间轴式变速器,该变速器具有两个突出的优点:一是其直接档的传动效率高,磨损及噪声也最小;二是在齿轮中心距较小的情况下仍然可以获得较大的一档传动比。根据轿车的外形、轮距、轴距、最小离地间隙、最小转弯半径、车辆重量、满载重量以及最高车速等参数结合自己选择的适合于该轿车的发动机型号可以得出发动机的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的参数。再结合某些轿车的基本参数,选择适当的主减速比。根据上述参数,再结合汽车设计、汽车理论、机械设计等相关知识,计算出相关的变速器参数并论证设计的合理性。
关键词:变速器;同步器;三轴;五档
Design Of Triaxial Five-Speed Auto Transmission
Abstract: auto transmission, is a set of used to co-ordinate the engine speed and the actual speed of the wheel speed change device, used for engine play the best performance. Transmission can be in the process of the car, in different ratios between the engine and wheels, by shift can make the engine work in the condition of its optimal dynamic performance.
This design task is to design a mechanical hand five speed gearbox for cars. The transmission has five forward gears (including an overdrive five file) and a reverse, and through the lock ring synchronizer to shift. This design USES the intermediate shaft type transmission, the transmission has two prominent advantages: one is its direct gear transmission efficiency high, wear and noise is minimum; Second, under the condition of the smaller gear center distance still larger first gear transmission ratio can be obtained. According to the shape of the car, wheel tread, wheel base, the smallest ground clearance, the minimum turning radius, vehicle weight, load weight and top speed combined with your choice of parameters, such as suitable for the engine of the car models can be concluded that the maximum power of engine, torque, displacement and other important parameters. Combining some basic parameters, car choose proper main reduction ratio. According to the above parameters, combining automobile design, automobile theory, mechanical design and related knowledge, calculate the related parameters of transmission and the rationality of the design of argument.
Key words: transmission; Synchronizer; Three axis; Five file
目录
第1章绪论1
1.1手动变速器(MT) 2
1.2自动变速器(AT) 3
1.3手动/自动变速器(AMT) 3
第2章机械式变速器的概述及其方案的确定5
2.1变速器的功用和要求5
2.2变速器结构方案的确定5
2.2.1变速器传动机构的结构分析与型式选择5
2.2.2三轴式和两轴式变速器得到的最广泛的应用6
2.3变速器主要零件结构的方案分析11
2.3.1齿轮型式11
2.3.2换档结构型式11
第3章变速器主要参数的确定15
3.1变速器主要参数的选择15
3.1.1档数和传动比15
3.1.2中心距16
3.1.3轴向尺寸16
3.1.4齿轮参数17
3.2各档传动比及其齿轮参数的确定19
3.2.1确定一档齿轮的齿数19
3.2.2确定常啮合齿轮副的齿数20
3.2.3确定其他档位的齿数20
3.2.4确定倒档齿轮的齿数21
3.2.5确定齿轮的分度圆直径21
3.3齿轮变位系数的选择22
第4章变速器齿轮的强度计算与材料的选择23
4.1齿轮的损坏原因及形式23
4.2齿轮的强度计算与校核23
4.2.1齿轮弯曲强度计算23
4.2.2斜齿轮弯曲应力24
第5章变速器轴的强度计算与材料27
5.1变速器轴的结构和尺寸27
5.1.1轴的结构27
5.1.2确定轴的尺寸28
5.2轴的校核28
5.2.1第一轴的强度与刚度校核29
5.2.2第二轴的校核计算30
第6章变速器同步器的设计33
6.1同步器的结构33
6.2同步环主要参数的确定33
6.2.1同步环锥面上的螺纹槽33
6.2.2锥面半锥角34
6.2.3摩擦锥面平均半径R 35
6.2.4锥面工作长度b 35
6.2.5同步环径向厚度35
6.2.6锁止角35
6.2.7同步时间t 36
结论37
参考文献38
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