A0-装配图
苹果树起苗机的设计
摘要
中国的苹果种植面积在世界上居于首位，在我国，苹果树苗木的培养正在朝着规模化和标准化的方向发展。在果树培育中，起苗这一环节在苹果树苗木的出圃中占有重要地位。苹果树苗木起苗的机械化在世界上许多发达国家已经成为了现实。目前在我们国家，使用的起苗方式还是以人力起苗为主，机械化的起苗方法并不常见，所谓的机械式的起苗也只是通过人力改装普通的农机具进行一些简单的起苗作业。这种机械式的起苗作业效率很低，还会耗费大量的人力，最终起苗的效果也是不尽如人意，不但伤根，还会使许多果树成活不了。在这样的现实条件下，设计并生产出来专用的苹果树起苗机是很有意义的。
本文分析了苹果树苗的背景、目的、重要性和当前发展，针对我国的育苗技术研究和果树造林技术要求，我们利用园艺和农机技术相结合的方法，参考苹果树苗木根系生长状况的信息，设计了一种特定的苹果果树起苗机。这个苹果树起苗机的起苗铲通过侧向固定的方法，对苹果树苗木进行挖掘、松土以及起苗，起苗后的树苗仍然整齐排列，之后利用人力进行捡拾和包装。
本文设计了苹果树起苗机的整个结构及各个零部件，运用有限元分析技术对起苗铲的设计进行了优化，并将起苗铲的形状从U型更改为L型，这不仅减小了起苗铲的质量，还降低了其在田间作业时土壤的阻力。此起苗机的运动由拖拉机牵引实现，拖拉机提供的功率为36.8KW，起苗机作业效率为6-8（棵/秒）。
关键词：果树苗木；苹果苗；起苗铲；参数优化
英文摘要
The design of the apple tree seedling machine
Abstract
China's apple planting area ranks first in the world. In my country, the cultivation of apple tree seedlings is developing in the direction of scale and standardization. In the cultivation of fruit trees, the seedling process occupies an important position in the emergence of apple tree seedlings. The mechanization of apple tree seedlings has become a reality in many developed countries in the world. At present, in our country, the seedling raising method used is mainly human seedling. The mechanized seedling raising method is not common. The so-called mechanical seedling raising is only through the manual modification of ordinary agricultural machinery to carry out some simple seedling operations. This kind of mechanical seedling raising operation is very inefficient and consumes a lot of manpower. In the end, the effect of seedling raising is not satisfactory. It not only damages the roots, but also makes many fruit trees unable to survive. Under such realistic conditions, it is meaningful to design and produce a dedicated apple tree seedling machine.
This article analyzes the background, purpose, importance and current development of apple tree seedlings. Aiming at the technical requirements of my country’s seedling cultivation technology and fruit tree afforestation, we use a combination of horticulture and agricultural machinery technology and refer to the information on the root growth of apple tree seedlings to design A specific apple fruit tree seedling machine was developed. The seedling shovel of this apple tree seedling machine uses lateral fixation method to excavate, loosen soil and seedlings of apple tree seedlings. After seedlings, the seedlings are still neatly arranged, and then picked up and packed by manpower.
In this paper, the entire structure and various parts of the apple tree seedling lifter are designed, the finite element analysis technology is used to optimize the design of the seedling shovel, and the shape of the seedling shovel is changed from U-shaped to L-shaped, which not only reduces the quality of the seedling shovel is improved, and the soil resistance during field operations is also reduced. The movement of the seedling lifter is realized by the tractor. The power provided by the tractor is 36.8KW, and the operating efficiency of the seedling lifter is 6-8 (trees/sec).
Keywords：fruit saplings; apple seedlings; seedling shovels; parameter optimization
目录
1绪论1
1.1课题研究的背景1
1.2课题研究的目的和意义1
1.3国内外机械化起苗现状2
1.3.1国外研究现状2
1.3.2国内研究现状2
2苹果树苗木起苗园艺技术4
3技术任务书5
3.1起苗机设计依据5
3.2起苗机设计要求5
3.2.1整机的技术要求5
3.2.2主要零部件要求5
3.3起苗机的总体结构及工作原理5
3.4起苗机的设计原则6
4设计计算说明书7
4.1总体结构及主要技术参数7
4.2起苗铲的设计及优化7
4.2.1起苗铲的设计7
4.2.2起苗铲的三维建模9
4.2.3起苗铲的应力分析9
4.2.4起苗铲的参数优化12
4.3平衡铲的设计15
4.4限深轮的设计15
4.5松土装置的设计16
4.5.1抖土器的设计17
4.5.2减速器的设计17
5使用说明书20
5.1总体结构及主要参数20
5.1.1总体结构20
5.1.2主要参数20
5.2使用与调整21
5.3维护与保养21
5.3.1作业期的维护保养21
5.3.2封存期的维护保养21
6标准化审查报告22
结论23
参考文献24
致谢25
U型螺栓-A4
大圆锥齿轮-A3
字数
小圆锥齿轮轴-A3
平衡铲-A3
抖土杆-A3
抖土连接杆-A3
机架-A3
摘要
起苗铲-A3
设计所包含文件
限深轮-A3
目录
